Individual Motivation and its Influence on Academic Research Output at Livestock Training Agency (LITA), Tanzania
Abstract
In many developing countries, including Tanzania, academic research output remains low despite its crucial role in advancing institutional performance and academic excellence. This study, guided by Self-Determination Theory (STD), examined how key dimensions of individual motivation- namely, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, collaboration, and peer-social influence-affect research output among academicians under the Livestock Training Agency (LITA). This institution has consistently fallen short of its research targets. A mixed-methods design was employed, combining a cross-sectional survey of 109 academic staff from eight LITA campuses with qualitative interviews from key informants. Quantitative data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Findings revealed that extrinsic motivation and peer-social influence significantly and positively affect research output (p<0.05), indicating that tangible rewards and supportive social environments enhance academic output.
In contrast, intrinsic motivation and collaboration were not significant predictors (p>0.05), though qualitative findings suggest they contribute indirectly. Their influence appears weakened by limited internal drive and the absence of a strong research culture within LITA. The study concludes that improving research performance requires strengthening extrinsic incentives while fostering intrinsic motivation. Enhancing the rewards system, promoting research autonomy, and cultivating a supportive peer environment are vital for building a sustainable research culture. These strategies will improve individual output and facilitate knowledge generation within Tanzania's livestock training sector.
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