Social and Human Science Studies

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Development of Contemporary Arab Thought

2026-04-02T08:37:42+00:00

Amid the digital revolution the world is witnessing today, artificial intelligence occupies a central position in shaping various aspects of life, including the economy, education, science, and media. This technological transformation raises important questions about how artificial intelligence may influence contemporary Arab thought, and the extent to which values must be respected and reinforced in light of this development.

This study addresses issues related to artificial intelligence and its impact on human values, in addition to the philosophies and concepts associated with it. The first section presents the concept of artificial intelligence in terms of its definition and origins, as well as the concept and characteristics of contemporary Arab thought. The second section explores how artificial intelligence can contribute to the development of Arab thought, emphasizing the importance of linking it to the advancement of thought and culture.

The third section tackles philosophical and humanistic issues related to values in the age of artificial intelligence, such as ethical challenges and privacy concerns—considered core issues in the application of AI—especially in Arab societies, which possess a value and cultural system that upholds the dignity of both the individual and the community.

From this standpoint, the study stresses the necessity of establishing clear legal and ethical frameworks to ensure the responsible use of artificial intelligence in ways that safeguard intellectual and cultural privacy.

The aesthetic Dimensions of The Image of the Nile Woman from the Perspective of the Paintings of the Orientalist Artist Nasser al-Din Dineh

2026-04-02T08:44:36+00:00

A number of Orientalists devoted considerable attention to depicting the everyday life of the Algerian people during the colonial period, endeavoring to represent its social and cultural features through their artworks. Painting constituted a fundamental medium through which these artists conveyed their aesthetic experience and their perception of the Algerian environment. Among them, Nasreddine Dinet stands out as one of the most prominent painters who dedicated significant effort to portraying the lives of the local population with great authenticity. The Nailia woman in particular occupied a central place in his work, representing beauty, cultural symbolism, and identity—elements that inspired him to produce numerous artworks capturing her traditional clothing, aesthetic traits, and graceful presence.

Accordingly, this research paper seeks to shed light on the artistic significance of the representation of the Algerian woman in Dinet’s paintings and to explore the aesthetic and conceptual foundations underlying his portrayal of her. It also aims to examine the harmony and precision with which he depicted the Nailia woman’s features, situating them within their cultural and social context, in order to demonstrate the value of this image in shaping an aesthetic awareness of Algerian heritage. The study raises several questions, including: What were Dinet’s contributions in this field? What were his artistic aims and aesthetic motivations? And how did critics receive his works?

In The Urgency of Otherness Human Coexistence Or Idendity collision

2026-04-02T08:39:31+00:00

The contemporary world is witnessing profound shifts in human relations as conflicts intensify among groups defined by ethnic, religious, and cultural particularities. These tensions are compounded by rapid technological and biological transformations that have introduced new and unprecedented forms of confrontation. In this context, coexistence re-emerges as a philosophical imperative that seeks to redefine human interaction beyond the binary of absolute peace and perpetual war.
Coexistence is not imagined as a utopian state free of tension, but as a deliberate and reflective endeavour to manage inevitable frictions within human life. If humanity fails to share its common goods and allows the logic of war to dominate, a flourishing future becomes uncertain. Thinking about coexistence thus requires acknowledging conflict as inherent to the human condition, reimagining relations between self and other, and shaping shared spaces that transcend rigid identity boundaries without erasing difference.

From the despairing human being to the necessity of activating the practice of purification in order to give birth to the purified human being

2026-04-02T08:40:24+00:00

This scientific paper aims to study the most important disease of our time, which is the disease of despair or the absence of meaning and value in human - in order to monitor the causes of alienation in contemporary man and to search for educational methods to discipline the soul and reveal therapeutic ways to heal the soul and mind to escape the darkness of material concepts and approaches. We relied on the analytical method in this study by analyzing the causes and the dominant vision of this forgotten human, because he forgot himself and the world forgot him, and analyzing the stations of purification and clarifying its methods. One of the most important fruitful results of this study was drawing the paths of the integrated human and building a civilization that balances between matter and spirituality. The first work on this path is the method of purification because it is the most important educational method for reforming the whole of human because purification is the goal and means of civilization, and purification will not be achieved except through faith and action, that is, in the heart, thought and behavior. It is necessary to apply this method in educational and pedagogical curricula and activate it in the family, school and university so that human always remains in the stage of the struggling man to reach the model of the purified human.

The Fall Down of Atheists' Myth Face to Motakalimines' Proof

2026-04-02T08:36:17+00:00

In this research we try to demonstrate the role of Motakalimines ( Muslim-Thinkers who treated Religions problematic related to GOD and Human ) , in order to abolish the myth of Atheists, or Dahrists. We focused on the verbal arguments of atheism that negate God's existence. Motakalimines criticized atheists using their famous dualities, like Must & Possibility, Eternal & Created, and Immortality & Mortal. Thus, will invalidate the myth of atheism face to perseverance of Motakalimines and their sincere proof.

The Human Being and the Forgetting at Friedrich Nietzsche and Taha Abdel Rahman

2026-04-02T08:44:03+00:00

This is a research paper that takes the human being as its subject of analysis. The central concern it addresses is directed toward the knowing self—a self that seeks and longs to see its position through the lens of thought, both on the cosmic and social levels. The paper is framed by the open-ended interrogative questions: Who are we? and What is this forgotten origin that belongs to us? This reflection unfolds within the context of two philosophical experiences that verge on contradiction: the first is the tragic philosophical experience of Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900), through whom atheism reached its full expression in the 19th century, heralding the death of God and proclaiming the rise of the Übermensch (Overman); and the second is the faith-based, identity-rooted philosophical experience of the Moroccan thinker Taha Abderrahmane (b. 1944), grounded in the Islamic religious tradition.

The Ethical Dialectic of Truth between Artificial Generation and Philosophical Praxis

2026-04-02T08:43:28+00:00

The twenty first century is a century of terrible developments in the technical. Field who knew in a short period the production of intelligent simulated mechanisms or beyond normal human thinking mechanisms, which called artificial intelligence. That will facilitate human life in many domains while ensuring speed and ease in achieving his daily needs in a short time. but with all the technical advances, that have been made we always find negative aspects of science and technology developments, this adversely affects human beings making him pay the tax for developments in the field of artificial intelligence detached with the consequences only human being will pay for what he benefits.

The Economic Thought of the Jurists of the Central Maghreb Through the Books of Nawazil

2026-04-02T08:41:32+00:00

The fatwa encyclopedias (nawazil) are among the primary sources of medieval islamic western history due to their wealth of historical content and their reflection of lived reality.

Researchers in the history of economic thought in the Central Maghreb find valuable resources in this domain, with two major sources in fatwa jurisprudence : « al-Durar al-Maknuna » by Mazuni and « al-Mi’yar al-Mu’rab » by Wansharissi.

The objective of this study is to unveil the features of economic thought among the jurists of the Central Maghreb based on their responses to emerging issues and their handling of economic problemes and abuses. hrough an analytical reading of nawāzil that addressed economic issues—not merely as legal questions but as reflections of a juristic vision aimed at organizing economic activity within society—this study highlights the role of jurists in structuring the economic sphere.

By examining the legal handling of economic cases, we are able to extract the economic principles embedded within their jurisprudential reasoning.

This gives us an image of the value of jurisprudential compilations and the level of economic awareness these jurists achieved, particularly in commercial systems.

This awareness, represented in legal theory and regulation, forms one of the building blocks of Islamic civilization.

In the Critique of Orientalism

2026-04-02T08:40:58+00:00

There is no disagreement that the subjugation of the East is among the foundations of Orientalism, to reveal the hegemonic concept that has long existed in the womb of the East, as Orientalist critics, especially Third World critics, understood the mechanisms of this hegemony, which depends on the principle of representation, and this is based on several basic axes, led by the idea of (making the East), and all of the above had to be met with a reaction from the opposing party, as the other has its mechanisms for representing this East, it has become necessary to form a resistance act through the creation of a counter-representation that opens up spaces that allow the voice of the marginalized to be heard and present the true image of this East, from which this paper attempts to reveal the mechanisms of Orientalism, which are mainly represented by the idea of the counter and based on the principle of resistance, and this is through three critical models: Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, Hamid Dabashi.

International Responsibility for Violations of Environmental Security

2026-04-02T08:34:56+00:00

Environmental security has become one of the most important human rights protected by international law, given that the individual is the basic reference unit for the concept of security by achieving environmental safety in order to support life. Since the effectiveness of any legal system depends on the maturity and clarity of its rules of responsibility, the goal of the international community was to reach an international legal system dominated by international laws to prevent chaos and to consolidate and preserve international peace and security, in addition to confronting new phenomena that were not unprecedented in the histo UJBNry of international relations, but rather produced by the modern era, such as the environment; In this article, we have attempted to focus primarily on the concept of environmental security and the provisions of international liability for infringement, as these are topics that pose real challenges to traditional rules of international liability.

The effectiveness of artificial intelligence applications in reducing educational gaps in the Gaza Strip during the 2023 war

2026-04-02T08:38:54+00:00

The study aimed to identify the reality of using artificial intelligence applications in education in Gaza during the 2023 war. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used the descriptive-analytical approach, and the researcher tested the questionnaire to collect data. He chose an available sample of (248) teachers working in government schools, UNRWA schools, and private schools. The most prominent results of the research were that the reality of using artificial intelligence applications in Gaza during the war period was very low. There were also large educational gaps resulting from the war on Gaza. The results confirmed that the effectiveness of artificial intelligence applications in reducing educational loss resulting from the war was moderate, and that there were major challenges facing the use of artificial intelligence applications during the war on Gaza. Finally, the results confirmed that the effectiveness of artificial intelligence applications in education during the war on Gaza was moderate. The research recommended the need to develop the technological infrastructure in schools in Gaza, and implement specialized training programs for teachers on the employment and use of artificial intelligence applications in the educational process.

The effectiveness of horseback riding therapy in improving attention levels in children with autism spectrum disorder

2026-04-02T08:38:39+00:00

The current study aims to highlight the effectiveness of horseback riding therapy in improving attention in children with autism spectrum disorder. It also attempts to identify the effects of horseback riding therapy on developing one of the cognitive abilities, attention, in this group of children with autism spectrum disorder. This study uses a case study of a child at the "Al-Amal" Equestrian Sports and Horseback Therapy Association Center in Ben Aknoun Park, Algiers. The child was nine years old and enrolled in the third grade of primary school. We used the following tools: the Stroop test, administered before and after the horseback riding therapy program. A quasi-experimental approach was followed. The results revealed differences between the Stroop test scores in the pre- and post-tests, favoring the post-test. This confirms the effectiveness of horseback riding therapy in improving attention in children.

Requirements for Enhancing Parental Awareness of the Effects of Electronic Culture ‎on the Social Upbringing of Children

2026-04-02T08:39:52+00:00

The objective of this study is to identify the requirements for enhancing parental ‎awareness of the effects of electronic culture on the social upbringing of children in Algeria, ‎and to examine potential differences based on key demographic variables: gender, age, and ‎educational level.‎‏ ‏The study sample consisted of 260 participants, and the researchers ‎developed a custom measurement scale. The descriptive method was adopted for data ‎analysis.‎‏ ‏The findings revealed the following:‎ It is possible to predict the level of parental awareness requirements concerning the ‎electronic culture's impact on children's social upbringing through four main ‎dimensions.‎ There aren't statistically significant differences at a level of (α ≤ 0.01) in mean the ‎requirements for enhancing parental awareness of the effects of electronic culture on the ‎‎social upbringing of children in Algeria According a variables (gender; educational ‎level).‎There are statistically significant differences at a level of (α ≤ 0.01)‎‏ ‏in mean the ‎requirements for enhancing parental awareness of the effects of electronic culture on the ‎‎social upbringing of children in Algeria According a variable (age).‎

Written Arabic Words Recognition in Light of the Concept of Tamakkun

2026-04-02T08:44:54+00:00

This paper investigates the recognition of variable and invariable written Arabic words among typically developing pupils and those with reading difficulties, within the framework of the tamakkun concept. The study assumes that significant differences exist between the two groups in recognizing variable versus invariable words. A descriptive method was adopted, using the Fathi Mustafa El-Zayat Diagnostic Battery for Learning Disabilities and a custom-designed word recognition test based on principles from clinical Arabic linguistics. The tools were applied to a sample of 60 pupils, equally divided between typically developing pupils and those with reading difficulties. The results revealed significant differences in favor of typically developing pupils, especially in recognizing variable words. These findings highlight the relevance of the tamakkun concept in understanding the specific challenges faced by pupils with reading difficulties in processing Arabic word forms.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Improving Innovation at Algerian Universities

2026-04-02T08:37:26+00:00

This study aims to explore the role of artificiel intelligence in improving the culture of innovation at Algerian universities, using the Gemini (Google) application as a model. A descriptive-analytical approach was used. The study results demonstrate the effectiveness of the Gemini (Google) application in improving the culture of innovation at Algerian universities through the quality of scientific research. It also enhances the culture of innovation and creativity among university professors and students. It is considered an important factor in improving intellectual levels and assists in improving and innovating teaching methods and digital education.

A Field Study on the Identification Methods of Learning Disabilities in Algerian Schools

2026-04-02T08:37:09+00:00

The present study aims to diagnose writing difficulties among primary school repeaters in selected schools in the municipality of Lioua, Biskra Province. Adopting a descriptive methodology, the study employs various diagnostic tools, including interviews, analysis of students’ notebooks, and the Draw-a-Person test. The findings indicate a significant prevalence of writing difficulties, reflected in several manifestations such as illegible handwriting, overlapping letters, and confusion between similar-looking letters.

The Value System of Primary School Teachers

2026-04-02T08:35:15+00:00

This study aims to explore the prevailing value system among primary school teachers and to determine the hierarchical ranking (value scale) of its dimensions. The research's originality lies in providing a clear picture of the value map that guides the behavior of primary school teachers, which is vital for understanding their motivations and enhancing organizational effectiveness. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology, the study was conducted on a sample of 106 primary teachers in El Tarf province, using a questionnaire developed according to Spranger's classification of values. The results revealed the dominance of religious (M=4.72) and theoretical (M=4.44) values at the top of the value hierarchy, reflecting the missional and cognitive aspects of the teaching profession. Conversely, economic (M=3.47) and political (M=3.46) values ranked lowest, supporting the notion that the sample's motivation is geared more towards self-actualization than material gain or influence.

Violence in the School Environment Among Middle School Students in the City of Djelfa

2026-04-02T08:41:50+00:00

The current research aims to reveal school violence among middle school students by understanding its causes, identifying its types, and measuring its prevalence, In order to answer the study's questions, the school violence scale was relied on by “Imad Hussein Al-Murshidi, M. Ali Taqi Abbas Nassar, at the University of Babylon.” His psychometric properties were verified. After statistical data processing, the researchers reached results indicating a high level of school violence at Intermediate stage, in addition to the presence of statistically significant differences according to the gender variable and in favor of males in school violence at the expense of females.

Special Educational Needs of Children with Cerebral Palsy

2026-04-02T08:44:19+00:00

This paper aims to analyze the special educational needs of children with cerebral palsy in the context of inclusive education, by examining their developmental, cognitive, motor, linguistic, and psycho-social characteristics, as well as detailing appropriate educational support strategies. The study adopts an analytical approach based on a selection of recent relevant Arabic literature and concludes that effective support requires flexible pedagogical adaptation, accurate individualized assessment, and multidisciplinary collaboration, in addition to involving families and teachers in the learning process. The paper also highlights the existence of practical and institutional challenges that hinder the effective implementation of inclusive education, calling for comprehensive educational reform grounded in training, individualized planning, and supportive legislation.

Future aspirations of university students through the entrepreneurship scale

2026-04-02T08:43:45+00:00

The field of contracting is considered one of the leading and modern fields in the world, and relying on it is considered a socio-economic pattern that contributes to the promotion and development of society.

In view of the great importance, Algeria took the initiative to include the entrepreneurial aspect in the fields of education and training, especially higher education. The latter attempted by including entrepreneurship as a standard for several disciplines, in order to form visions and future prospects in the field of entrepreneurship

On this basis, we will try through this research paper to identify the future professional aspirations of university students through the entrepreneurship scale, a field study of a sample of second-year master’s students in sociology, crime and deviance at the University of Khemis Miliana, using in that both the descriptive method (description and analysis of the phenomenon), in addition to We use the statistical approach, using the questionnaire technique (a set of questions related to the variables and indicators of the hypotheses), to arrive at the results, which reveal to us, as we previously mentioned, the most important basic variables controlling this phenomenon

Analysis of geomorphological indicators of tectonic activity in northeastern Iraq

2026-04-02T08:35:44+00:00

The research dealt with the application of geomorphic indicators to identify the tectonic characteristics of the region and the nature of the effectiveness of tectonic activity by providing quantitative data and clarifying the extent to which the water drainage basins are affected by structural structures and the strata structure system using mathematical equations with geomorphological implications In order to clarify the effect of structural deformations on the formation of geomorphological units and give an indication of the occurrence of tectonic activation, which contributes to the acceleration of geomorphological processes. Geomorphological indicators represent one of the important methods and tools that are currently applied to determine the occurrence of tectonic activation processes in the region, as these indicators provide a comprehensive explanation of any development or change in the river basin, and analyze tectonic movements in light of these indicators...

1- Research objectives and originality: The study aimed to measure indicators and determine the effectiveness of tectonic activity in the region by relying on geomorphological indicators and quantitative analysis using digital data and specific equations. This was achieved through analyzing satellite imagery of the study area and applying these indicators to understand the tectonic situation.

-2 Study Methodology: The study relied on the analytical and descriptive method in analyzing the geomorphological characteristics and indicators, and the deductive method in interpreting the factors affecting them.

3- Results and discussion: Modern geomorphological techniques were applied to the study of geomorphological indicators to detect tectonic activity in the valley basin. The results of measuring the geomorphological indicators of tectonic activity showed three classes of tectonic activity, with the highest class being very high tectonic activity if the classification values ranged Between (1.5 - 1), high if the classification values range between (2 - 1.5), moderate if the classification values range between (2.5 - 2), and low if the classification values range between (2.5 and more). It became clear through this that the study area has low tectonic activity because it falls within the classification value (2.5 and more)

The development of maternal health follow-up in the postpartum period in Algeria

2026-04-02T08:35:59+00:00

Postpartum health care is clearly weak among mothers in Algeria. The results of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS4) in 2013 showed that 78.2% of mothers did not undergo any form of health care after leaving the healthcare facility. This percentage decreased slightly to 75.2% in the results of the more recent survey (MICS6) in 2019.

This lack of follow-up is attributed to a lack of awareness among many mothers, who believe that a postpartum check-up in the healthcare facility eliminates any subsequent follow-up. However, the postpartum period, which extends to six weeks (42 days), is a critical stage during which serious health complications may arise, which, if neglected, may lead to death. Given the pivotal importance of maternal healthcare during this sensitive stage and its direct impact on the health of the individual, family, and society, this research paper aims to study the evolution of maternal healthcare follow-up during the postpartum period. This research paper draws on data from the MICS4 (2013) and MICS6 (2019) surveys, while attempting to identify the most prominent determinants and factors influencing this follow-up.

A Comparative Study of Phonological Awareness levels in Cochlear-Implanted Children Integrated in Mainstream Schools and Those Not Integrated

2026-04-02T08:36:52+00:00

The current study aims to assess the level of phonological awareness among deaf children with cochlear implants by comparing those enrolled in mainstream schools with those who are not. a descriptive research method was adopted, and a phonological awareness test—adapted and standardized to the Algerian context by researcher Azdaou Chafiqa—was administered.

The study sample consisted of 11 purposively selected deaf children with cochlear implants, aged between 14 and 18 years .

The findings revealed that phonological awareness levels were higher among cochlear-implanted children integrated into mainstream schools, while lower levels were observed among non-integrated children. Statistically significant differences were found in phonological awareness according to the variable of school integration, in favor of the integrated group.

Semantic Memory in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typically Developing Peers: A Comparative Study Based on Multiple Linguistic Indicators

2026-04-02T08:43:11+00:00

This study aims to compare semantic memory in children with mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and typically developing children through the analysis of multiple linguistic indicators. These indicators include semantic repetition of words and numbers, production of rhythmic structures, phonological discrimination, vocabulary comprehension, picture naming, classification and sequencing skills, as well as functional sentence understanding and linking. The study employed a comparative descriptive design and applied a locally developed semantic memory test (Saad Abdel Aziz, 2009) on a purposive sample of 8 children (4 diagnosed with ASD and 4 typically developing), aged between 8 and 10 years. Results revealed statistically significant differences favoring typically developing children in five main indicators, notably semantic repetition, production of rhythmic structures, picture naming, and functional sentence linking. No significant differences were found in semantic classification, vocabulary comprehension, and phonological discrimination, indicating that semantic memory deficits in children with ASD are selective rather than global, related to indicators requiring cognitive flexibility and contextual integration. The study recommends integrating semantic memory assessments into early speech therapy diagnostic protocols and developing targeted linguistic interventions that strengthen weak indicators, involving families to ensure continuity of support. It also suggests expanding future sample sizes and using assessment tools adapted to the linguistic and cultural specificities of the Algerian context

The Predictive Value of Emotional Intelligence in Explaining Burnout among Psychologists

2026-04-02T08:41:15+00:00

The Our study aimed to determine whether emotional intelligence can serve as a predictor of burnout among psychologists, while also comparing the effect of this variable according to the treated group (children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and those without) and the level of professional experience. To this end, a descriptive correlational comparative approach was used for predictive purposes. The study was conducted on a sample of 132 psychologists of various age groups. The first group consisted of therapists working with children diagnosed with Autism, while the second group included therapists working with children without this diagnosis. All participants worked in public healthcare institutions in Algiers and its surroundings. In this study, we applied the Emotional Intelligence Scale by Salovey and Mayer and the Maslach and Jackson Burnout Inventory, both tools were adapted to the Algerian context. The results showed that emotional intelligence is a statistically significant explanatory variable for burnout among psychologists treating children with Autism. However, the same effect was not observed among therapists of children without the disorder. The findings also revealed significant differences in burnout levels between the two groups, with higher burnout among therapists working with children with Autism. This reflects the specific pressures associated with working with this population..

“Timeliman, Piyanu and Ouarfat” Ritual as a mechanism for child socialization in Ksar Bouangi

2026-04-02T08:36:35+00:00

Rituals and ceremonies are one of the most prominent mechanisms that ensure the continuity of cultural identity and its transmission from generation to generation and thus contribute to the process of socialization. In this context, this paper focuses on three ceremonial rituals rooted in Qasr Bouanji in Adrar state: "Timliman", "Piyano" and "Urfat" and their role in the socialization process through a field study. These rituals are more than just ceremonial rituals, as the results of this study showed that these three rituals play a role in strengthening collective belonging and consolidating the values of religion and the heritage of the local community.

The role of podcasts services in expanding the social impact of University Libraries

2026-04-02T08:38:02+00:00

This study aims to highlight the role of podcasting technology in enhancing the social role of Algerian university libraries, through a field study conducted at the Dr. Ahmed Arwa Library at Emir Abdelkader University of Islamic Sciences. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, using a questionnaire as a tool to collect data from a purposive sample of 90 library users, to explore their views on the current services and their social impact, as well as to examine their expectations regarding the contribution of introducing podcast services to expanding the library's social role. The study revealed that current services have limited social impact due to insufficient marketing, their confinement to the academic community, and the absence of community partnerships. In parallel, showed high expectation levels for this service's ability to expand the social scope through its active contribution to achieving social inclusion and cohesion, promoting lifelong learning, preserving heritage and cultural diversity, and supporting development and social peace. This confirms that introducing podcast services in Algerian university libraries will enhance their role as advanced centres for community knowledge ‎.

Social Link in University Libraries in the Age of Digital Social Networks

2026-04-02T08:42:56+00:00

This study aims to highlight the role of digital social networks in strengthening social connections between university libraries and the academic community. These networks provide dynamic platforms for direct interaction with students and users, contributing to support services and responding to inquiries in an open and informal environment. These connections also help improve the quality of services provided, enhance effective communication, and reinforce the library’s role as a knowledge hub within the university campus. Additionally, social networks contribute to building a connected academic community by facilitating knowledge exchange, encouraging participation in discussions, and promoting academic events. This, in turn, strengthens the relationship between the library and the academic community

Job Satisfaction Among Young Algerian Entrepreneurs

2026-04-02T08:42:40+00:00

This study aimed to identify the extent to which the issue of job satisfaction is related to the issue of entrepreneurship among young Algerians in the city of Barika. This exploratory study used the descriptive analytical approach, using a questionnaire distributed to a purposive sample of 30 young entrepreneurs in the city of Barika Those who employ three or more individuals .

The study concluded that entrepreneurship achieves satisfaction to young Algerians . One of the most important suggestions and recommendations is to encourage individual initiatives and provide the state with facilities for young people in building investment projects.

Analyzing the Correlational Relationship Between Perceived Job Insecurity and Organizational Trust

2026-04-02T08:35:29+00:00

This study aimed to analyze the correlational relationship between perceived job insecurity and organizational trust among 51 employees at POLYMA. Using a descriptive method and a questionnaire, data were processed via SPSS through correlation coefficients, means, t-tests, and ANOVA. Results revealed a statistically significant negative correlation between perceived job insecurity and organizational trust—whose levels were high—while job insecurity was moderate. Both emotional and cognitive dimensions of insecurity showed moderate to strong inverse correlations with trust components. The study concludes that a perceptual gap exists between positive views of management and employees' feelings of insecurity.

Entrepreneurialism and University Training

2026-04-02T08:38:18+00:00

This field study examined the current state of entrepreneurship training within Algerian universities, with a specific focus on the impact of specialized training provided by university business incubators in fostering a new generation of student entrepreneurs. The study centered on students who defended their graduation projects under Ministerial Decree No. 1275—an initiative introduced during the 2022/2023 academic year that allows graduates to obtain a diploma marked as a "Startup" or "Patent" instead of following the traditional academic format. A chain sampling method was used to select a sample of 49 students with innovative project ideas. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with university incubator managers. The findings revealed a strong relationship between university training and the development of entrepreneurship among students in terms of knowledge, skills, and entrepreneurial attitudes. However, the study also highlighted a lack of effectiveness and actual implementation, which can be attributed to the recent introduction of entrepreneurship education and training in Algeria. The study concludes by emphasizing the need to develop innovative training methods in higher education and scientific research to address this gap, along with practical recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of university business incubators.

Palastine in the View of Algerian

2026-04-02T08:39:15+00:00

The Association of Muslim Scholars has committed itself to the issue of Palestine, which in their view is above geographical or partisan considerations. Responding to the call that Palestine is Algeria. The intention of the scholar “El-Ibrahimi” (1956-1889). was to open a subscription about Palestine in “El-Bassair” newspaper, or in the name of the Association of Scholars, which has sufficient scholars and scientific competence in jurisprudence, history, science, politics, and civility, so that the work will be completed in terms of history, religion, language, culture, and civilization. After the Jews wandered in the land for years, the Crusader West came to claim that they had a history, religion, and origin in Palestine, so the scholar El-Ibrahimi wrote many articles about this issue, where he explained the right of Muslims to Palestine, taking the Qur’an and the method of preparing for force as a path to victory, and not in granted. Accordingly, you will find in this article a comprehensive statement about what we mentioned previously, through what El-Ibrahimi presents in terms of being a jurist and historian.

The Algerian Electronic Journalism from The Perspective of Communication Professionals

2026-04-02T08:42:07+00:00

Electronic journalism has imposed itself as a new face, resulting from the inevitability of media and communication adapting to the digital environment, taking advantage of the features of the Internet which contributed to the speed, of its spread, In this context, the study dealt with monitoring the reality of electronic journalism in Algeria according to the vision of those responsible for communicating, relying on the survey method and the electronic questionnaire.

To collect data on a purposive sample of 34 individuals, representing various Constantine newspaper institutions.

The study concluded that Algerian electronic newspapers succeeded to some extent in exploiting the advantages of the Internet by adopting innovation the technology of merging traditional and modern journalism technologies together. The same results also confirmed that the greatest obstacles facing their development was the absence of legislation and laws that regulate their work.

The Future of Cybersecurity in the Metaverse Era and Its Impact on Community Security

2026-04-02T08:40:08+00:00

The future of cybersecurity in the metaverse era is a key factor in protecting cybersecurity. Virtual environments require advanced systems to ensure privacy, protect data, and combat cyberattacks. With increasing reliance on the metaverse, the risk of digital crimes increases, making enhancing cybersecurity a fundamental necessity to maintain societal stability and enhance community security.

This research aimed to understand the concept of cybersecurity in the metaverse era and to outline the future of cybersecurity in the metaverse era and its impact on community security. The results showed that the use of the metaverse, given its increasing reliance in the future, contributes negatively to the emergence of new types of crimes that pose unprecedented challenges to community security. Cybersecurity contributes positively to enhancing community trust through the implementation of strict data protection and privacy policies, allowing users and organizations to operate safely in the metaverse without fear of fraud and hacking. The research also recommended the need to encourage countries to promote a culture of digital security through awareness and training programs targeting individuals and organizations to educate them about cyber risks in the virtual world and ways to prevent them.

The Campbell-Bannerman Middle East Conference from Sykes-Picot to the Deal of the Century (1907-2020)

2026-04-02T08:40:41+00:00

In this article, I attempt to shed light on one of the most significant and controversial topics in the history of contemporary Zionist–imperialist activity in the Middle East, namely the so-called Campbell-Bannerman Conference (1905–1907). This conference is attributed to its alleged architect, the British Prime Minister of Scottish origin, Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman (1836–1908), who reportedly called for an international conference whose secret sessions extended from 1905 to 1907. The aim of these meetings was to define practical mechanisms for materializing the Zionist project of establishing a “Jewish state,” as articulated by the Zionist leader Theodor Herzl (1860–1904), particularly during the First Zionist Congress held in Basel, Switzerland, in 1897, where the establishment of a national home for the Jews in Palestine was approved.

Accordingly, the Zionist movement relied on mobilizing international Jewish and Zionist public opinion, exerting political and media pressure, activating diplomatic efforts, and employing Jewish national funds as financial instruments to achieve its ultimate objective: the establishment of a national home for the Jews in Palestine.

Insult in the Framework of Islamic Jurisprudence and Legal Statutes

2026-04-02T08:42:24+00:00

The paper examines the crime of insult through a dual lens: Islamic Sharia and Algerian criminal law. It analyzes the concept of the insult, its legal and moral components, the criteria for criminalization, and the penalties under both systems. Insult is defined as any offensive expression—spoken, written, symbolic—that undermines a person’s honor or social standing. The crime is legally structured around a material element (the nature of the expression) and a moral one (intent).

The study highlights penalties under Algerian law, particularly article 297, which vary based on the victim’s status more than the severity of the insult. In contrast, Islamic jurisprudence calibrates punishment based on the content : blasphemy against God is considered apostasy warranting execution if unrepented, while insulting a fellow Muslim requires discretionary punishment.

The paper also explores exceptions such as lawful defense and justified criticism, concluding with recommendations to address legislative gaps, formally criminalize blasphemy, and promote ethical education and community awareness to counteract the prevalence of insult.

Individual Differences in Quality of Life among Doctoral Candidates

2026-04-02T08:33:03+00:00

This study examines a body of research that illuminates the individual differences among doctoral students. These studies have revealed striking variations in how students perceive their academic tasks, assess their own capabilities, and navigate the complex demands of scholarly inquiry along with the accompanying emotional pressures. They have also highlighted divergences in metacognitive approaches and in the degree to which students engage positively or negatively with the research environment. Furthermore, notable disparities have emerged in students’ understanding of well-being and their ability to balance the demands of their studies with personal and social life. In addition, certain studies have brought to light differences rooted in cultural backgrounds and institutional contexts, as well as those linked to gender and the distinct experiences it entails. Collectively, these indicators underscore the multiplicity of pathways that characterize the doctoral journey, dispelling any notion of a singular, uniform experience. The following sections will explore these individual differences in greater depth, shedding light on their various dimensions and manifestations.

Adolescent Crisis

2026-04-02T08:31:38+00:00

This paper examines the complexities of adolescence as a developmental stage situated between childhood and adulthood, with a particular focus on the distinction between normal and pathological indicators. Drawing upon psychoanalytic, clinical, and developmental perspectives, the study explores the psychological, physiological, and social transformations that characterise adolescence, highlighting the interplay between identity formation, emotional regulation, and the role of defence mechanisms. The discussion further addresses the impact of puberty, the variability of adolescent crises, and the potential emergence of clinical symptoms, considering both individual and environmental factors. The paper concludes by emphasising the necessity for nuanced assessment and early intervention to foster healthy psychological adjustment and to differentiate normative developmental crises from psychopathological conditions.

Teaching Strategies for Students with Visual Impairments

2026-04-02T08:33:59+00:00

The present study aims to identify teaching strategies for students with visual impairments. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive method appropriate to the nature of the research was used. The study tools consisted of a questionnaire developed by the researcher. The study sample included (22) teachers at the School for Children with Visual Impairments in Adrar Province. The findings revealed that the teaching strategies employed are consistent with the educational needs of visually impaired students, and that these strategies are also suitable for developing life skills among them (task analysis, behavior shaping, modeling, and simulation).

Childhood, Trauma, and Psychological Resilience

2026-04-02T08:31:51+00:00

Within the framework of studying the characteristic of psychological resilience as a developmental phenomenon, the "Trauma–Resilience Model" in children is considered a psychological approach linked to a structured organization of the psychological development process. This model highlights a set of negative factors whose impact is assumed to be mitigated by the presence of constructive protective factors in the child. This, in turn, enables the child to mobilize various defense mechanisms to confront external traumas.

This article aims to clarify the role of resilience in children who have experienced a specific trauma, and how they construct a personalized resistance model to cope with various crises.

The role of the school psychologist in ensuring the quality of teaching from the point of view of teachers

2026-04-02T08:34:43+00:00

The study aims to Analyse the roles or contributions of the school psychologist in teaching from the point of view of teachers at a rural School in the wilaya of Batna, Algeria.

The prescriptive curriculum was used based on a group case study method and data collection through a series of half-oriented interviews with 18 teachers in middle education, aged 33 to 60, which reached the following results: The school psychologist plays a guiding role in designing lesson methods collaboratively with teachers methodological observations that contribute to enhancing teachers' higher thinking skills and improving the practice of the learning process, The school psychologist supports the innovation of modern teaching strategies and the development of critical thinking skills for teachers and thus the generation of creators in the educational context no difference between teachers in assessing the role of a school psychologist attributable to Sex and Age variables.

Educational Administration and School Administration

2026-04-02T08:32:33+00:00

This study seeks to delineate the concept of educational administration, regarded as the principal authority and influence over educational institutions (schools), serving as the paramount reference for all such entities through its functions of planning, organization, guidance, control, implementation, and evaluation of operations and matters pertaining to school educational institutions. It also functions to provide directives and monitor the implementation procedures executed by the school administration, which endeavors to enforce the regulations and systems established by the education administration. This study aims to delineate the distinction between educational administration and school administration by elucidating the notion of each and examining their respective importance, objectives, characteristics, and functions.

The study concluded that the distinction between educational administration and school administration lies in the fact that school administration is regarded as a subset of educational administration, while the link between them is a private-to-public relationship.

The Ethical Thought of Algeria

2026-04-02T08:34:29+00:00

Abstract:

This article aims to focus on Algerian thought, specifically on the thinker Abdulah Sheriat, who served Algeria with his intellect until his death. He was deeply interested in ethical philosophy and sought to create a practical philosophy that differs from traditional idealistic ethics, such as Platonism and Kantianism. Instead, he aimed to develop an ethics that seeks to change reality through reality, influenced by Ibn Khaldun, the founder of scientific thought in the Islamic environment.

1- Research objectives and originality: Giving importance and value to Algerian thought

2- Study methodology: Analysis and comparison

3- Results and discussion: The Algerian thinker Abdulah Sheriat distinguished himself with an exceptionally critical rational thought.

Developmental Contributions in the Philosophy of Abdallah Cheriet

2026-04-02T08:32:20+00:00

This study addresses a critical topic in the history of Algerian thought: the concept of development in the philosophy of ʿAbd Allah Cheriet. It seeks to illuminate the condition of Algerian society across its cultural, social, religious, and political dimensions during and after the era of brutal colonization and the resulting repression and tyranny. These historical circumstances significantly hindered Algeria’s developmental trajectory compared to that of industrialized Western nations, leading to a prolonged state of subordination. Among the intellectual responses to this stagnation is the philosophical work of the thinker ʿAbd Allah Cheriet, whose writings reflect a sustained effort to confront underdevelopment. This study examines the intellectual tools and frameworks he proposed to overcome this regression and rehabilitate both rational thinking and intellectual clarity within Algerian society. It emphasizes the pivotal role of philosophy in this effort, particularly in relation to development and the demands of modernity across various domains. Philosophy, in this context, is seen as a vital contributor to the advancement of Arab societies, offering epistemological insight and the correction of errors as a foundation for envisioning a secure and progressive future.

Food security is a permanent challenge

2026-04-02T08:32:47+00:00

Food security has become one of the biggest scourges of modern society and a key weapon among countries worldwide, providing citizens with a comfortable life thanks to the guaranteed abundance of food at all times. The absence or deterioration of this phenomenon leads to unbearable economic crises. Here, the question arises: Can we maintain this comfortable standard of living? One of the objectives of our article is to analyze the meaning of this concept, as we find different interpretations, each of which attributes the meaning to fears such as the inability to do something contrary to what others see. Our work will clarify the meaning of the concept of food security and how we can maintain it in the long run. The answer to this challenge requires adopting an analytical approach throughout most of the article, concluding with a critical approach that highlights the flaws in the arguments presented. Ultimately, we arrive at the core of the food security problem across the world, especially in the developing world for example Algeria.

Libraries and the Intersection of Power and Knowledge

2026-04-02T08:33:16+00:00

Libraries are typically viewed as neutral spaces that facilitate free access to knowledge for all, but this perception overlooks the latent authoritative role they play in society. Drawing on Michel Foucault's theory of the intersection of power and knowledge, the article demonstrates how libraries function as mediators of empowerment and tools for social control. Through their classification systems, collection development policies, and access controls, libraries shape what is considered legitimate knowledge while marginalizing or excluding other forms of knowledge. The article explores how libraries contribute to shaping behavior, directing thought, and reproducing dominant knowledge systems. It concludes that, despite their status as cultural institutions, libraries play central roles in regulating the social domain within power structures, and proposes strategies for rethinking library practices to enhance epistemic justice, promote the right to access information, and resist invisible forms of institutional control.

Occupational health and prevention of accidents and occupational diseases in the work environment

2026-04-02T08:33:30+00:00

Occupational health in the workplace is considered one of the important topics that has drawn the attention of many organizations and researchers in recent years for economic, psychological, technical and health related reasons, Ist main objective is to preserve the safety and comfort of employees while carrying out their tasks, and to reduce risks, accidents and occupational diseases that may cost a person his life while exposed to them in the work environment, and accidents and Occupational diseases that may cost a person their life when exposed to them in the workplace . these issues also cause institutions huge human and material losses, which require intervention to limit and greatly reduce them. For this reason, this article will address the definition of Occupational health in the workplace , the impact of work on health, the impact of health on work and preventive measures , leading to the most important steps organizations take to achieve occupational safety.

Development and Environmental Protection in the Saharan Atlas

2026-04-02T08:32:04+00:00

Saharan Atlas constitutes a vital component of Algeria's ecological diversity. It faces significant challenges in reconciling the demands of economic and social development with the urgent need to safeguard its fragile environment. Within this critical zone lies the Aissa Mountain National Park, a prominent example of these challenges. Situated in the southwest, specifically in the Ain Sefra region of Naama Province, the park forms part of the Ksour Mountains, which represent the western extension of the Saharan Atlas.

The park's unique geographical location at the Saharan-Mediterranean border bestows upon it exceptional ecological characteristics. These include rich biodiversity and interconnected habitats within a limited area. The park encompasses a distinctive natural, cultural, and historical heritage, harbouring rare and endangered plant and animal species. Its location also renders it susceptible to a range of environmental challenges, such as desertification, water scarcity, and biodiversity loss, in addition to the escalating impacts of climate change.

This study examines the current legal framework governing the Aissa Mountain National Park while analysing the effectiveness of implemented environmental policies in addressing pressing issues. It further sheds light on the importance of environmental legislation and the roles of governmental institutions and civil society organizations in bolstering environmental protection and achieving balanced development that preserves the environment and meets the needs of local communities. The focus is on the interplay between economic, social, and environmental factors to ensure a sustainable future for the Aissa Mountain National Park and its inhabitants.

The cognitive and functional crossing between the art of rhetoric and the science of syntax

2026-04-02T08:34:13+00:00

The Arabic language is considered as one of the developed , most expansive, and most enriching languages in terms of structure and expression. Its sciences arose and developed in various contexts to serve the correct sound and the correct understanding of texts, most notably the Qur’an.

Among these sciences, grammar (the science of syntax) and rhetoric (the science of rhetoric) emerged as two basic and important pillars in achieving the integrity of the expression and the accuracy of the meaning, and if the grammar is concerned with controlling grammatical structures and achieving linguistic correctness , the rhetoric is concerned with the aesthetic of discourse, the strength of influence, the depth of style and its splendor, and despite the difference in the field of each of them, the relationship between them is not a relationship of contrast or independence, but interactivity and complementarity .

The Arab heritage has proved in its finest stations -especially with Abdul -Qaher Al -Jarjani -that rhetorical understanding cannot be established without mastering the grammatical structure ( al nazm theory ) from here the complementary relationship emerges between grammar and rhetoric as a cognitive and functional intervention that enriches the mechanisms of linguistic analysis and reveals the secrets of expression in Arabic texts.

This article aims to investigate the aspects of this integration by tracking its theoretical and analytical foundations, and analyzing the nature of this integrative relationship and its applied manifestations in the light of heritage and contemporary statements, in order to highlight the extent to which these two sciences in the deep and accurate understanding of the Arab discourse, or in other words how to support rhetoric- and the opposite is true- in achieving the purpose of the language (understanding, persuasion and influence) according to the right manner .

When a child suffers in silence

2026-04-02T08:33:45+00:00

This article highlights the often hidden psychological suffering among children exposed to domestic violence, based on a case study of an 11-year-old girl named Katia, encountered at the Ikhoulaf association in Akbou. We conducted semi-structured clinical interviews with Katia and her mother and used the scale of post-traumatic stress symptoms(CPTS-RI) and the revised manifest anxiety scale for children (RCMAS). The results show that Katia exhibits high levels of anxiety symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorders, blood phobia, and self-aggressive behaviors (head-banging). These clinical manifestations reflect her intense psychological distress due to the toxic family environment and experienced traumas.