ALTRALANG Journal

Proverbes espagnols : un figement immuable ?

2024-02-17T15:46:23+00:00

ABSTRACT: Popular wisdom asserts that you can't teach an old dog new tricks. But is this proverbial lesson applicable to its own material? The proverb is generally defined as a frozen linguistic object, in terms of both form and meaning. The frozenness is therefore a formal and semantic framework that is supposedly immutable. In practice, however, this theoretical framework is very often altered, whether intentionally or not, when it collides with other, more extensive frameworks into which it naturally fits (collections of proverbs, the immediate linguistic environment, the spatio-temporal and social context of compilers or speakers). The aim of this work is to present a taxonomy of all possible types of alteration of the Spanish-speaking proverbial framework, diachronically and synchronically, as well as in language and discourse, placing the notion of intentionality and the signifier-signified pair at the heart of the analysis. Our approach is thus at once linguistic and pragmatic, and is based on a variety of corpuses.

RÉSUMÉ : On dit que ce n’est pas à un vieux singe qu’on apprend à faire des grimaces. Mais cette leçon proverbiale est-elle applicable à sa propre matière ? On définit en effet généralement le proverbe comme un objet linguistique figé, tant au niveau de sa forme que de son sens. Ce figement est donc un cadre formel et sémantique prétendument immuable. Or, il s’avère que dans la pratique, ce cadre théorique est très souvent malmené, intentionnellement ou non, lorsqu’il rentre en collision avec d’autres cadres à l’extension plus importante dans lesquels il s’insère naturellement (recueils de proverbes, environnement linguistique immédiat, contexte spatio-temporel et social des compilateurs ou locuteurs). Ce travail tâche ainsi de présenter une taxinomie de tous les types possibles d’altérations du cadre proverbial hispanophone, en diachronie et en synchronie, mais aussi en langue et en discours, en plaçant la notion d’intentionnalité et le couple signifiant-signifié au cœur de l’analyse. L’approche envisagée est donc à la fois linguistique et pragmatique et s’appuie sur des corpus variés.

Collocations adjectivales intensives et constructions consécutives

2024-02-17T15:48:36+00:00

ABSTRACT: Collocations are often characterised by binary lexical combinations in linguistics and in language teaching and learning, these associations are often a source of difficulties, not only in reception but also in production, particularly for non-native learners who often use their native language as a support, thus creating interference during production. The consecutive constructions forming intensive adjectival collocations, which are the subject of this work, are part of the sequences that are productive not only in malagasy but also in french, and are therefore generally sources of interference. Moreover, these constructions, which are frequently used to express a property, extend collocational phenomena to complex sentences. Our study, based on a predicative analysis in the two languages, considers collocations as a property of the lexicon which emphasises the notion of lexical attraction in discourse, whose interest lies in identifying the various semantic, paradigmatic and distributional constraints in these lexical combinations, through possible transformations in order to work on reformulation skills.

RÉSUMÉ : Les collocations sont souvent caractérisées par des combinatoires lexicales binaires en linguistique et dans l’enseignement-apprentissage des langues, ces associations sont souvent sources de difficultés, non seulement en réception mais aussi en production et particulièrement pour les apprenants non natifs qui prennent souvent comme appui leur langue maternelle, créant ainsi des interférences lors de leur production. Les constructions consécutives formant les collocations adjectivales intensives, qui sont l’objet de ce travail, font parties des séquences qui sont productives non seulement en malgache mais également en français et de ce fait, sont généralement sources d’interférences. De plus, ces constructions, qui sont fréquemment utilisées pour exprimer une propriété, élargissent les phénomènes collocationnels aux phrases complexes. Notre étude, à partir d’une analyse prédicative dans les deux langues, considère les collocations comme une propriété du lexique qui met l’accent sur la notion d’attraction lexicale dans le discours dont l’intérêt se trouve dans l’identification des différentes contraintes, d’ordre sémantique, paradigmatique et distributionnel, dans ces combinaisons lexicales, à travers les transformations possibles afin de travailler les compétences de reformulation.

Variété transmédiatique du mythe faustien : entre fidélité et création

2024-02-17T15:57:09+00:00

ABSTRACT: Claude Autant-Lara directed the film Marguerite de la nuit, released in 1955, a transposition of Pierre Mac Orlan's work of the same name, published in 1925. This film adaptation by Claude Autant-Lara is fairly faithful to the hypotext, but nevertheless features the director's personal touch. In 2007, Rodolphe published a comic strip under the eponymous title of Goethe's work. This black-and-white graphic tale tells the story of Faust's attempts to play the Devil while preserving his soul and benefiting from his largesse. Our study focuses on the transmedia aspects of the Faust myth, to be precise Goethe's work in film and comics, and specifically its graphic and filmic characteristics. How is it transposed from one medium to another through its creative process? We look at the intermodal practice that offers the viewer/reader different aspects of the Faust myth, based on these two transposed works by Goethe, while at the same time questioning the methods and issues involved.

RÉSUMÉ : Claude Autant-Lara réalise le film Marguerite de la nuit, sorti en 1955, une transposition de l’œuvre éponyme de Pierre Mac Orlan, publiée en 1925. Cette adaptation filmique par Claude Autant-Lara assez fidèle à l'hypotexte néanmoins, présente une touche personnelle du réalisateur. Rodolphe publie en 2007 une bande dessinée sous le titre éponyme de l’œuvre de Goethe. Ce conte graphique en noir et blanc narre comment Faust tente de jouer le Diable en conservant son âme tout en profitant de ses largesses. Notre étude a pour réflexion ce qui trait au transmédiatique concernant le mythe de Faust, à savoir l'œuvre de Goethe à partir du film et de la bande dessinée, précisément à ses caractéristiques dans le graphisme et le filmique. Comment celui-ci est-il transposé d’un média à l’autre par son biais créatif ? On questionne la pratique intermodale qui offre au spectateur /lecteur différents aspects du mythe de Faust, à partir de ces deux opus transposés de Goethe, tout en nous interrogeant sur ses modalités et ses enjeux.

Le « je » lyrique à l’épreuve de l’épopée chez Laurent Gaudé et Pascal Quignard

2024-02-19T20:48:50+00:00

ABSTRACT: This article examines the relationship between the epic and the use of the first person, which is reserved for fictional narratives of an autobiographical nature. How to say "I", how to say oneself in an epic supposed to tell the story of another character? How can the vision of oneself be staged? How can one show oneself as other, while remaining oneself? Mythological heroes borrowed from the common epic culture are the foundation of Pascal Quignard's and Laurent Gaudé's stories. Narcissus, Pluto or Orpheus are the symbolic bases of fiction, or even of autofiction, and feed the contemporary narrative with an epic dimension that goes beyond the simple fact of telling. This is why we are interested in the ability of Laurent Gaudé and Pascal Quignard to give an epic impression to their writing, which is deeply marked by the presence of a constantly renewed first person

RÉSUMÉ : Cet article se propose d’étudier les rapports entre l’épopée et l’utilisation de la première personne réservée plutôt aux récits de fiction à portée autobiographique. Comment dire « je », comment se dire soi dans une épopée censée raconter l’histoire d’un personnage autre ? En quoi la vision de soi peut-elle être mise en scène ? Comment se montrer autre, tout en restant soi-même ? Les héros mythologiques empruntés à la culture épique commune sont le fondement des récits de Pascal Quignard et de Laurent Gaudé. Narcisse, Pluton ou encore Orphée sont les bases symboliques de la fiction, voire de l’autofiction et nourrissent le récit contemporain d’une dimension épique dépassant le simple fait de raconter. C’est pourquoi nous nous intéresserons à la capacité possédée notamment par Laurent Gaudé et Pascal Quignard de donner une impression épique à leur écriture profondément marquée par la présence d’une première personne constamment renouvelée.

Le roman algérien contemporain face aux nouvelles réalités socio-politiques : Les cas de Déflagration des Sens de Karim Akouche et Le Fils du Caïd de Saad Khiari

2024-02-17T16:20:22+00:00

ABSTRACT: This article examines the visions that has the contemporary Algerian novel on the current socio-political realities in Algeria, through the study of two very recently published novels: Le Fils du Caïd (2019) by Saad Khiari and Déflagration de sens (2020) by Karim Akouche. In these two works, the writers portray a society in the grip of loss of values, historical disfigurements and an oppressive Power. Each in his own way, they exploit the devices of language and rhetoric to denounce the distress of the new generation experiencing a new disenchantment and call for a revolt against the status quo. The analysis of the discourse produced in the two stories allows us to describe the esthetics strategies used by the two writers to expose their ideological positions towards the Algerian actuality and to interpret the role of their writing in contributing to an awareness of the ills that riddle society.

RÉSUMÉ : Cet article examine les visions que porte le roman algérien contemporain sur les réalités socio-politiques actuelles en Algérie, à travers l’étude de deux romans publiés très récemment : « Le Fils du Caïd » (2019) de Saad Khiari et « Déflagration de sens » (2020) de Karim Akouche. Dans ces deux œuvres, les écrivains dressent le portrait d’une société en proie à la perte des valeurs, aux défigurations historiques et soumise à l’emprise d’un Pouvoir oppresseur. Chacun à sa manière, ils exploitent les artifices de la langue et de la rhétorique pour dénoncer la détresse de la nouvelle génération qui vit un nouveau désenchantement et appellent à une révolte contre le statu quo. L’analyse du discours produit dans les deux récits permet de décrire les stratégies esthétiques exploitées par les deux écrivains afin d’exposer leurs positions idéologiques vis-à-vis de l’actualité algérienne et d’interpréter le rôle de leur écriture dans la contribution à une prise de conscience vis-à-vis des maux qui rongent la société.

Le roman africain francophone : vers une Glocalisation littéraire

2024-02-17T16:28:26+00:00

ABSTRACT: Our interest in studying the glocalizing practices adopted by some African writers, who wanted their products to be disseminated and received around the world, is motivated by three main reasons. A first reason is that many writers use appropriate literary techniques to make their work more accessible to an international audience while retaining local cultural elements. The second is related to the way the literary themes and motifs have been adapted and modified according to the different audiences in order to be able to meet the various objectives. The third is conceptual, cultural and ideological, especially concerning global issues and challenges such as globalization, humanitarian, health and ecological crises, universal and local values. We assume that It's the sun that burned me by Calixthe Beyala and A companion to men by Véronique Tadjo constitute a relevant and sufficiently large corpus that should allow us to explore the issue.

RÉSUMÉ : Notre intérêt pour étudier les pratiques glocalisantes adoptées par certains (es) écrivains (es) africains (es), qui ont voulu que leurs oeuvres soient diffusées et reçues dans le monde entier, est motivé par trois raisons principales. La première raison tient au fait que de nombreux écrivains (es) utilisent des techniques littéraires appropriées pour rendre leur travail plus accessible à un public international tout en conservant les éléments culturels locaux. La seconde est justifiée par la façon dont les thèmes et les motifs littéraires ont été adaptés et modifiés en fonction des différents publics pour pouvoir répondre à des objectifs divers. La troisième est d’ordre conceptuel, culturel et idéologique, concernant surtout les questions et les défis mondiaux telles que la mondialisation, les crises humanitaires, sanitaires et écologiques, les valeurs universelles et locales. Nous supposons que C’est le soleil qui m’a brulée de Calixthe Beyala et En compagnie des hommes de Véronique Tadjo constituent un corpus pertinent et suffisamment large et qui devrait nous permettre de faire le tour de la question.

Éléments postmodernes dans l’œuvre romanesque de Calixthe Beyala

2024-02-21T21:25:36+00:00

ABSTRACT: African literature is distinguished by the emergence of a new generation of female writers. These “rebellious women” brought about a real revolution in the 1980s by taking the story along new paths. It is the Franco-Cameroonian Calixthe Beyala who consecrates this rupture. His novels project the reader into worlds marked by anomie, chaos and excesses of all kinds. Moreover, on the formal level, the stories present themselves under new faces with the marked presence of linguistic earthiness, textual interferences and diegetic incoherence. The effect of recurrence of these thematic and narrative processes makes it possible to postulate the emergence of a postmodern novel. It will then be a question, in this contribution, of trying to distinguish in the novelistic production of Beyala from the formal tendencies, from the types of devices which come into relation with the postmodern writing

RÉSUMÉ : La littérature africaine se distingue par l’émergence d’une nouvelle génération d’écrivains féminins. Ces « femmes rebelles » ont opéré dans les années 1980 une véritable révolution en engageant le récit dans des voies nouvelles. C’est la franco-camerounaise Calixthe Beyala qui consacre cette rupture. Ses romans projettent, en effet, le lecteur dans des univers marqués par l’anomie, le chaos et les excès de toutes sortes. De plus, sur le plan formel, les récits se présentent sous de nouveaux visages avec la présence marquée de la truculence langagière, des interférences textuelles et de l’incohérence diégétique. L’effet de récurrence de ces procédés thématiques et narratifs permet de postuler l’émergence d’un roman postmoderne. Il s’agira alors, dans cette contribution, de chercher à distinguer dans la production romanesque de Beyala des tendances formelles, des types de dispositifs qui entrent en relation avec l’écriture postmoderne.

« A une Passante » de Baudelaire : une traque impossible

2024-02-21T21:26:52+00:00

ABSTRACT: The representation of the city since Baudelaire is the poet of the " Tableaux Parisiens (Paintings Parisians)" who becomes poet-journalist-solitary at the corner of the streets, will give a certain vitality to the aesthetics of waiting since the rendering is an association between reality and reality. Imaginary giving meaning to what Butor calls “the imaginary Museum”. Sartre said of Baudelaire, “he is the man who never forgets himself”. He will therefore always find the means to rethink his being, say, and say again what he dreams of instead of what he lives. In other words, the “Parisianness” of Parisian paintings is indisputable… but the challenge is to achieve a representation of “the encounter”; "from love at first sight" that materializes this desire to "drink the deep immensity..." beyond the "morbid miasma" (Elevation). We will realize, in this reflection that the encounter slips towards a hunt for the impossible born of a flirtation of a "fleeting beauty" endowed with an exceptional power of rebirth.

RÉSUMÉ : La représentation de la ville puisque Baudelaire est le poète des « Tableaux Parisiens » qui devient poète-journaliste-solitaire au coin des rues, donnera une certaine vitalité à l’esthétique de l’attente puisque le rendu est une association entre le réel et l’imaginaire donnant sens à ce que Butor appelle « le Musée imaginaire ». Sartre disait de Baudelaire que « c’est l’homme qui ne s’oublie jamais ». Il trouvera donc, toujours, les moyens pour repenser son être et dire et redire ce dont il rêve à la place de ce qu’il vit. Autrement dit, la « parisianité » des tableaux parisiens est incontestable… mais le vrai pari, c’est d’aboutir à une représentation de « la rencontre » ; « du coup de foudre » que matérialise cette volonté de « boire l’immensité profonde… » au-delà des « miasmes morbides » (Elévation). On se rendra bien compte, dans cette réflexion, que la rencontre glisse vers une traque de l’impossible née d’une drague d’une « fugitive beauté » dotée d’un exceptionnel pouvoir de renaissance

Imaginaire, réalité et hyperréalité. Quels liens pour quelle époque ?

2024-02-21T21:28:11+00:00

ABSTRACT: Among the numerous meanings of imagination, in this work, we propose to study the implementation of two specific forms of imagination in two novels from different eras and genres but intersecting on several points. We will delve into the elusive and corrupting imagination in its erudite form in Umberto Eco's " Foucault's Pendulum (Le Pendule de Foucault)" and the’revealing’ imagination in its hallucinatory form in Francesca Zappia's " Je t’ai rêvé (Made You Up)." We will examine the role of imagination in these two novels, the different ways it manifests, the relationships it maintains with reality, and its impact on the characters' relationship with their reality. We will also question the effect of these interferences of imagination into reality on the interpretative adventure undertaken by the reader of these novels. Finally, we will attempt to explain the blend of reality and imagination in contemporary literature and what it reveals about the contemporary conception of reality and the hypermodern man's relationship with his world.

RÉSUMÉ : Parmi les nombreuses acceptions de l’imaginaire, nous nous proposons, dans le présent travail, d’étudier la mise en œuvre de deux formes particulières de l’imaginaire dans deux romans d’époques et de genres différents mais qui se recoupent sur plusieurs points. Nous nous pencherons sur l’imaginaire sournois et corrupteur sous sa forme érudite dans « Le pendule de Foucault » d’Umberto Eco et l’imaginaire ‘révélateur’ sous sa forme hallucinatoire dans « Je t’ai rêvé » de Francesca Zappia. Nous étudierons le rôle de l’imaginaire dans ces deux romans, les différentes manières dont il s’exprime, les rapports qu’il entretient avec la réalité et son incidence sur le rapport qu’ont les personnages avec leur réel. Nous interrogerons aussi l’effet de ces interférences de l’imaginaire dans le réel sur l’aventure interprétative qu’entreprend le lecteur des romans en question. Nous tenterons finalement d’expliquer ce mélange entre le réel et l’imaginaire dans la littérature contemporaine et ce qu’il révèle sur la conception contemporaine du réel et sur le rapport qu’a l’homme hypermoderne avec son monde.

La classe inversée : une nouvelle modalité au service du développement des connaissances rédactionnelles en L2

2024-02-21T21:30:21+00:00

ABSTRACT: In this article, we question the contribution of the flipped classroom to the development of methodological knowledge related to the writing technique of the text summary in L2 in the Algerian university environment. Two groups of students (G1&G2) participate in our experiment conducted during the 2022-2023 academic year in the department of french at the University of Bejaia. We are experimenting with two teaching-learning methods. In the first method, the students of group (G1) follow face-to-face teaching of the technique of text summary in L2. While, in the second method, the students of group (G2) follow a reverse teaching of the technique of the text summary in L2. The results obtained demonstrated the positive effect of the flipped classroom on the development of methodological knowledge of the L2 text summary of group (G2) students compared to group (G1) students.

RÉSUMÉ : Dans cet article, nous nous interrogeons sur l’apport de la classe inversée au développement des connaissances méthodologiques relatives à la technique rédactionnelle du résumé de texte en L2 en milieu universitaire algérien. Deux groupes d’étudiants (G1&G2) participent à notre expérimentation menée au cours de l’année universitaire 2022-2023 au sein du département de français de l’université de Bejaia. Nous expérimentons deux méthodes d’enseignement-apprentissage. Dans la première méthode, les étudiants du groupe (G1) suivent un enseignement présentiel de la technique du résumé de texte en L2. Tandis que, dans la seconde méthode, les étudiants du groupe (G2) suivent un enseignement inversé de la technique du résumé de texte en L2. Les résultats de notre recherche mettent en évidence, d’une part, le rôle important de la classe inversée dans le développement des compétences rédactionnelles du résumé de texte en L2 et ouvrent, d’autre part, des perspectives nouvelles dans le développement des nouvelles littératies en contextes numériques.

Accompagner les étudiants dans la création de blogs éducatifs en FLE : enjeux et défis

2024-02-23T11:54:07+00:00

ABSTRACT: Digital technology is profoundly transforming teaching and learning methods. Its increasing integration into education represents both an opportunity to renew pedagogical practices and a challenge for education stakeholders. Future teachers need to be prepared for these developments in order to take advantage of the digital revolution. In this perspective, using blogs represents a relevant lever to acquire key skills. However, numerous studies have shown that integrating digital technologies into education often encounters obstacles and resistance. Student-produced educational blogs do not escape these challenges. This article aims to closely analyze the problems encountered by future teachers in educational blog projects, in order to consider adapted support modalities. Producing blogs requires multiple skills (technical, writing, interpersonal) yet students frequently encounter difficulties. Few studies provide an in-depth analysis of these problems. The questions are: What are these obstacles? Do they rather concern technical aspects, content, or interactions? Can adapted support help overcome them? This research aims to provide insights through a case study analyzing blogs of first-year master’s students, specializing in didactic of FFL, at the University of Saïda in Algeria.

RÉSUMÉ : Le numérique transforme en profondeur les modes d’enseignement et d’apprentissage. Son intégration croissante dans l’éducation constitue à la fois une opportunité pour renouveler les pratiques pédagogiques et un défi pour les acteurs de l’enseignement. Les futurs enseignants doivent être préparés à ces évolutions pour tirer parti de la révolution numérique. Dans cette perspective, l'utilisation des blogs représente un levier pertinent pour acquérir des compétences clés. Cependant, de nombreuses études ont montré que l’intégration des technologies numériques dans l’éducation se heurte souvent à des obstacles et des résistances. La réalisation de blogs éducatifs par les étudiants n’échappe pas à ces défis. Cet article vise à analyser précisément les problèmes rencontrés par les futurs enseignants dans des projets de blogs éducatifs, pour réfléchir à des modalités d’accompagnement adaptées. La production de blogs engage de multiples compétences (techniques, rédactionnelles, relationnelles) or les étudiants rencontrent fréquemment des difficultés. Peu d’études fournissent une analyse fine de ces problèmes. Les questions sont : Quels sont ces obstacles ? Concernent-ils plutôt les aspects techniques, les contenus ou les interactions ? Un accompagnement adapté peut-il aider à les surmonter ? Cette recherche vise à apporter des éléments de réponse via une étude de cas analysant des blogs d’étudiants en première année de master, spécialité didactique du FLE, à l'université de Saïda en Algérie.

Langues et cultures nationales au Cameroun : immaturité pédagogique ou manque d’orientation didactique ?

2024-02-23T11:55:39+00:00

ABSTRACT: This article is a description of current situation of the teaching of mother tongue and cultures. We want to show the inadequacies of language teaching in school. Certainly in the experimentation phase but with major shortcomings whish, in our opinion, will not yield much for the definite integration into school curriculum if we do not overcome the problems of documentation, of the type of teaching training planned. For these experiments, and in order to know the type which could be considered better and adequate in order to obtain good result for a decision making which will allow them to be more definite than experimental.

RÉSUMÉ : Cet article est une description de la situation actuelle des enseignements des langues et cultures nationales. A travers son titre Langues et cultures nationales : immaturité pédagogique ou manque d’orientation didactique ? Nous voulons montrer les insuffisances de l’enseignement des langues dans les établissements scolaires. Certes en phase d’expérimentation mais avec des grosses lacunes qui à notre sens ne vont pas donner grandes choses pour l’insertion définitive dans le cursus scolaire si l’on ne palie pas aux problèmes de la documentation, du type de formation des enseignants prévus pour ces expérimentations pour ainsi savoir le type d’expérimentation qui pourra être considéré meilleur et adéquat afin de permettre d’obtenir de bons résultats en vue d’une prise de décision qui les permettront d’être plus définitives qu’expérimentales.

Modélisation des textes juridiques

2024-02-23T11:57:21+00:00

ABSTRACT: In this article, we have discussed the essence of legal translation and the phraseology of its text. We worked to clarify its characteristics by focusing on the problems of its translation. The lines of thought proposed in this study lead us to say that legal translation cannot be reduced to a simple question of terminology but goes beyond the word. For reasons of space economy, we were unable to expose the whole range of derived problems, thus we focused on that of legal discourse, which links the legal field to that of translation. In fact, the law only exists and materializes through its language. As a result, training in the problems of legal discourse and its phraseology is an essential factor in the qualification of the translator who turns to the world of legal translation.

RESUME : Nous avons abordé dans cet article l’essence de la traduction juridique et la phraséologie de son texte, nous avons œuvré à clarifier ses caractéristiques en nous arrêtons aux problèmes de sa traduction. Les pistes de réflexions proposées dans cette étude, nous amènent à dire que la traduction juridique ne peut être résumée à une simple question de terminologie mais va au-delà du mot. Pour des raisons d’économie d’espace, nous n’avons pu exposer tout l’éventail des problématiques dérivées et nous nous sommes concentrés sur celle du discours juridique qui lie le domaine juridique à celui de la traduction car la loi n’existe et ne se matérialise qu’à travers sa langue. Il en résulte qu’une formation qui aborde la problématique du discours juridique et de sa phraséologie est un facteur essentiel à la qualification du traducteur qui s’oriente vers l’univers de la traduction juridique.

Les limites de la traduction automatique de la métaphore dans le discours politique d’Emmanuel Macron (Français / Arabe)

2024-02-23T11:59:02+00:00

ABSTRACT: Metaphor is a figure of speech that involves diverting the literal meaning of a word. This meaning varies across cultures, making it crucial for translators dealing with political discourse to consider this condition for coherence and accuracy in translation. The translator must accurately convey the content and connotations of the metaphor when translating it into another language. However, this process encounters challenges in terms of equivalence, as automatic translation software struggles to capture the connotations and decipher a metaphorical phrase due to the agrammaticality and inconsistency of translated sentences in Arabic. Therefore, before seeking the exact equivalent of a metaphor from a source language to a target language, it is essential to improve the literal translation of expressions.

RÉSUMÉ : La métaphore est une figure de style par laquelle on détourne le sens propre d'un mot. Ce sens se diffère d'une culture à une autre. Ainsi, le traducteur, en traduisant une métaphore dans un discours politique, doit prendre en considération cette condition pour que sa traduction soit cohérente et possible. Il doit traduire, correctement, dans une autre langue le contenu et les connotations de cette figure. Néanmoins, cette transposition pose des problèmes au niveau de l'équivalence, les logiciels de la traduction automatique rencontrent des difficultés à connoter et décoder une phrase métaphorique à cause de l’agrammaticalité et de l’incohérence des phrases traduites en arabe. De ce fait, avant de chercher l’équivalent exact d’une métaphore, d’une langue source vers une langue cible, il faut améliorer la traduction littérale des expressions.

Mouloud Feraoun : l’écrivain témoin

2024-02-23T12:00:57+00:00

ABSTRACT: The intersection of fiction and history generates aesthetic issues that engage the writer in the ways of a writing that makes him particular. This is the case of Mouloud Feraoun, whose work is permeated from all sides by historical references revealing a manifest determination to write his country and its history, by crushing the silences, the falsifications and the gray areas of the 'Official History of the Colonial Period. For Mouloud Feraoun, as for so many other Algerian writers, his commitment has served a lot to motivate his choices, to justify his ideology. The author did not fail to tell history, to testify and to reveal to his readers another facet of this period of Algerian history, notably in La cité des roses, Lettres à ses amis, and more. deeply, and very explicitly in his Journal 1955-1962, where he did not fail to tell history.

RÉSUMÉ : Le croisement de la fiction et de l’Histoire engendre des enjeux esthétiques qui engagent l'écrivain dans les voies d'une écriture qui le particularise. C'est le cas de Mouloud Feraoun, dont l'œuvre est pénétrée de toutes parts par des références historiques dévoilant une détermination manifeste d'écrire son pays et son Histoire, en broyant les silences, les falsifications et les zones d’ombre de l’Histoire officielle de la période coloniale. Pour Mouloud Feraoun, comme pour tant d’autres écrivains algériens, son engagement a beaucoup servi à motiver ses choix, pour justifier son idéologie. L’auteur n’a pas manqué de dire l’Histoire, de témoigner et de révéler à ses lecteurs une autre facette de cette période de l’Histoire d’Algérie, notamment dans La cité des roses, Lettres à ses amis, et plus profondément, et bien explicitement dans son Journal1955-1962, où il n’a pas manqué de dire l’Histoire.

L’image de la femme dans la chanson Kabyle de l’immigration des années 30-70 (Le cas des textes de Slimane Azem, de Akli Yahiaten et de Hanifa)

2024-02-23T12:10:50+00:00

ABSTRACT: Gender, or the image of women, these two notion that express the same social reality have raised many questions in the field and anthropologie. Based on anthropo-imaginary approach, this articl aims to report on the image of women conveyed by the Kabyle song of immigration from the 1930s to 1970s. The case of Slimane Azem, Akli Yahiaten and Hanifa. The present study highlights the logic of the relationschip between man and women througt the analysis of the image of women in Kabyle song of immigration by highlighting this image according to the male imaginary and women imaginary.

RÉSUMÉ : Le genre ou bien l’image de la femme, ces deux notions qui disent la même réalité sociale ont suscité beaucoup d’interrogations dans le domaine de la sociologie et l’anthropologie, à partir d’une approche anthropoimaginaire, cet article se propose de rendre compte de l’image de la femme véhiculée par la chanson kabyle de l’immigration des années 30-70. Le cas des textes de Slimane Azem, de Akli Yahiaten et de Hanifa. La présente étude met en lumière la logique du rapport de l’homme et de femme via l’analyse de l’image de la femme dans la chanson kabyle de l’immigration, en mettant en exergue cette image selon l’imaginaire masculin et l’imaginaire féminin.

Des images de l’immigration clandestine dans l’expression artistique : portée et sens

2024-02-23T12:12:53+00:00

ABSTRACT: The objective of this article is to question all the artistic representations of the Harraga phenomenon through the issue of otherness, a phenomenon that is accompanied by representations and discourses accentuating the sense of commitment of gratitude towards these young victims of drifting societies and highlighting the magnitude of the subject. Besides these aspects, the desire for exodus can be read from a double anthropological and psychological perspective: if the young Harraga flees his country for a better future, if the refugee aspires to peace by moving, the artist expresses his exodus by leaving the real world for the virtual in search of truths and possible meanings through indirect and rhetorical means, romantic, allegorical and pictorial dimensions that incite reflection.

RÉSUMÉ : L’objectif de cet article est celui d’interroger l’ensemble des représentations artistiques du phénomène des Harraga au travers de la problématique de l’altérité, phénomène qui s’accompagne de représentations et de discours accentuant le sens de l’engagement faisant œuvre de reconnaissance envers ces jeunes victimes de sociétés en dérive et mettant en exergue l’ampleur du sujet. Outres ces aspects, le désir de l’exode se lit selon une double perspective anthropologique et psychologique: si le jeune Harraga fuit son pays pour un avenir meilleur, si le réfugié aspire à la paix en se déplaçant, l’artiste exprime son exode en quittant le monde réel pour le virtuel à la recherche de vérités et de sens possibles par des moyens indirects et rhétoriques, des dimensions romanesques, allégoriques et imagées qui incitent à la réflexion.

Une lecture biographique de la poésie de Xu Lizhi

2024-02-23T12:14:22+00:00

ABSTRACT: This article undertakes a biographical reading of the poetry of Xu Lizhi, a Chinese migrant worker who committed suicide in 2014. It analyses his poems published posthumously in the 2015 anthology “La machine est ton seigneur et ton maître”. The article interrogates the poetry through three specific objectives: (1) to explore the representation of the poet’s despair and distress as an immigrant worker; (2) to explore the concept of death before actual death, as experienced in a life of suffering; and (3) to explore the motif of suicide as prophecy. Thus, the poet’s lived experiences offer insights into the psychic state that underlies the literary ingenuity expressed in his poems.

RÉSUMÉ : Cet article propose une lecture biographique de la poésie de Xu Lizhi, un travailleur migrant chinois qui s’est suicidé en 2014. Il analyse ses poèmes publiés à titre posthume dans l’anthologie de 2015 « La machine est ton seigneur et ton maître ». L’article interroge la poésie à travers trois objectifs spécifiques : (1) explorer la représentation du désespoir et de la détresse du poète en tant que travailleur immigré ; (2) explorer le concept de la mort avant la mort réelle, telle qu’elle est vécue dans une vie de souffrance ; et (3) explorer le motif du suicide en tant que prophétie. Ainsi, les expériences vécues par le poète permettent de comprendre l’état psychique qui sous-tend l’ingéniosité littéraire exprimée dans ses poèmes.

The Political Significance of Transnational Experience in the Migritude Novel: Alain Mabanckou’s Bleu Blanc Rouge and Black Bazar

2024-02-23T12:16:04+00:00

Migritude refers to both the theme of migration at the heart of a type ofmigrant novel that started to develop from the1980s and became popular from the 2000s and the condition of expats of its authors. As Chevrier observes, migritude writers are native of Africa but live in western countries. Migritude novels promote equality and anti-racism and at the centre of their narrative there is the condition of the African migrant in Europe as well as the legacy of colonialism in both Africa and Europe. This article examines the political significance of the migritude novel through the analysis of Bleu Blanc Rouge (1998) and Black Bazar (2009) by Alain Mabanckou, one of the most influential migritude writers. Through the transnational experience of the characters of the two books, Mabanckou denounces the difficulties faced by Congolese migrants in Paris and the psychological effects of colonialism which are still affecting the African populations of the ex-colonies. Migrants do not only struggle to integrate in European countries, but they also have internalised a complex of inferiority towards white people that triggers in them a form of racism against themselves. Bleu Blanc Rouge and Black Bazar calls for the deconstruction of racial essentialism, which is the root cause of racism, and advocates for the creation of a new society based on equality, reciprocal respect, support, and recognition.

The Examination of Stuart Hall’s Postcolonial Perspective on Displacement and Identity Discontinuity in Fadia Faqir’s The Cry of the Dove (2007).

2024-02-23T12:17:54+00:00

Displacement is a key concept in postcolonial Diaspora literature that interprets the transition from the motherland, native culture, traditions, and native language to a different setting. Such geographical, cultural and psychological transitions result in an identity crisis, fragmentation and discontinuity. The objective of this study is to investigate, in Fadia Faqir's The Cry of the Dove, the process of identity development amid displacement of a female Arab Muslim in a postcolonial setting. Using Stuart Hall's theory of Cultural Identity and Diaspora, this article applies a postmodern reading on the novel to discern how displacement affects the identity of the main protagonist Salma. Hence, Salma experiences a series of encounters following her transition from her original space to a new one that results in an identity crisis characterised by fragmentation, sense of alienation and uncertainty. In a postmodernist Stuart Hallian sense, Fadia Faqir’s female protagonist suffers from an existentialist, discontinuous identity characterized by skepticism, uncertainty, fragmentation and paradox, following a journey of physical and psychological displacement.

Switching Between Two Foreign Languages in English for Medical Purposes Course: Impact on Medical Terminology and Vocabulary Comprehension

2024-02-23T14:32:43+00:00

Code-switching (CS) between the mother tongue (L1) and the foreign language (FL) is an embedded practice in the Algerian multilingual society, as it is highly noticed in pedagogical settings like school and university. Yet, switching between two foreign languages seems to gain popularity, mainly, in the English for medical purposes (EMP) course. In the latter, EMP teachers tend to switch between English and French to serve certain pedagogical and non-pedagogical aims. Furthermore, this practice is used as a time-saving strategy and as an instructional tool to enhance students’ skills like; listening and vocabulary comprehension. In an attempt to flesh out an explanatory framework, this study explores the attitudes of students towards their teachers’ use of CS, in addition to their perspective about the reasons behind teachers’ switching between two foreign languages in a medical course. Furthermore, this research reveals the different perceptions of learners about the implementation of English/French CS to enhance their vocabulary comprehension and to promote their medical terminology. To this end, 162 second year pharmacy students, from the faculty of medicine at the university of Sétif 1, formed the participants of the enquiry. Based on a triangulation (quantitative and qualitative) research design, a questionnaire and a focus group discussion (FGD) were used to collect the related data. The findings revealed that teachers switch from English to French to perform different pedagogical functions such as explaining new concepts and difficult expressions, reinforcing and emphasizing a message or an information. Through CS, instructors may create a friendly and a dynamic learning atmosphere by using it as a stopgap to students’ loss of communication and hence to support the learning and teaching process. Moreover, CS is used to boost the learning of medical terminology and to facilitate the comprehension of medical context especially the new and complex vocabulary for learners. Overall CS is regarded as an effective pedagogical strategy, and is recommended in the EMP course, yet it should be used with moderation and in situations where necessary.

Revisiting the Use of English as the Language of Instruction in Tanzanian Secondary Schools

2024-02-23T14:34:22+00:00

There are various challenges facing the use of English as the language of instruction policy in Tanzania secondary schools. These include low levels of English among teachers, a lack of qualified teachers, and a lack of guidelines about how to teach in English. The challenges negatively affect the learning of content subjects as well as the learning of the English language itself. This article examines English as the language of instruction policy in secondary schools by reviewing theoretical bases for adopting an additional language as a language of instruction and education approaches in which subject contents are taught using English as the medium of instruction. The paper discusses the weaknesses of the current practice and recommends refocusing English as the language of instruction policy by highlighting its implicit goal of improving language skills through the integrated content and language learning approach.

Exploring Teachers’ Perceptions of Critical Thinking in English Language Classrooms in Higher Education: A Case of EFL Teachers

2024-02-23T14:36:11+00:00

Language teachers are usually proficient in teaching language skills but may not always receive training in fostering critical thinking abilities that guide effective learning. Existing literature underscores the pivotal role of teacher behaviours in shaping students’ critical thinking development. However, educators can effectively incorporate critical thinking into their instructional methods only when they possess a clear conception of what critical thinking entails. This study aims to investigate the perceptions of critical thinking among Algerian university teachers and the strategies they employ to integrate critical thinking into their courses. A qualitative research approach was employed, involving structured interviews with Algerian English lecturers from various higher education institutions, including educators from the Higher Training Teacher’s College of Oran, the University of Mostaganem Abdelhamid Ibn Badis, and the University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed. A total of fifteen teachers participated in the interviews. The findings indicate that while a majority of teachers exhibit sound knowledge of critical thinking, they often lack the necessary support for its effective implementation, leading them to primarily focus on subject matter comprehension. Moreover, these educators encounter various challenges in teaching critical thinking and express the need for additional support in this aspect. Consequently, the study underscores the demand for tailored professional development programs aimed at integrating critical thinking into the English language curriculum, materials development, and pedagogical practices.

EFL Teachers’ Perspectives on Online Teaching of the Writing Skill Using ICT Tools

2024-02-23T14:57:45+00:00

The shift to online teaching has highlighted the important use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) by faculty members. The objectives of this paper are to identify the current use of the technological tools to teach the writing skill in an online mode and to describe teachers’ perspectives on the potential effect of using the different kinds of ICTs in the process of online teaching and learning of writing. This study employed a descriptive research approach using qualitative methods for data collection and analysis. A purposive sample of Six (6) Written Expression teachers from the department of Letters and the English Language at Frères Mentouri University participated in this study. Data was collected through a focus group interview, enabling in-depth discussions and insights into teachers’ experiences and perceptions. The analysis revealed that teachers believe that technological tools such as Google Apps (Google Classroom, Google Meet, and Facebook) offer greater engagement and collaboration in the writing process, as well as encourage teacher and peer feedback on students’ writings. However, teachers expressed only moderate satisfaction with ICT accessibility and use due to certain challenges and the necessity to possess both technological knowledge and pedagogical knowledge for effective teaching of writing. The present study extends the existing knowledge on online language teaching, particularly in the context of the writing skill. It highlights the technological requirements and pedagogical strategies employed by EFL teachers to optimise the use of ICTs and ensure effective online teaching of the writing skill. The findings of this study have implications for educational stakeholders, emphasising the importance of integrating ICTs into writing instruction in online environments.

Facing Some Language Impediments in Oral Expression and Comprehension Settings: A Case Study

2024-02-23T14:59:23+00:00

In today’s tech-driven globe, the role of communication and speech production has witnessed an upsurge. Teaching the language as a means of communication has become the norm in English as a foreign language (EFL) settings. The major problem underlying this endeavour lies with first-year students’ inability to maintain spontaneous talk either in the classroom or in any context. This research aims at investigating some language obstacles that EFL students face and could be a serious handicap to the improvement of their speaking skills. The data was gathered through two questionnaires administered to both first-year EFL students and the teachers covering oral expression and comprehension courses. The findings revealed that learners experienced various barriers that hinder their performance and interaction, such as self-confidence, anxiety, lack of appropriate vocabulary, and obsessive fear of making mistakes and imperfections. Based on the results, some helpful recommendations were suggested to enhance the students’ speaking proficiency.

Teaching and Learning in the Digital Era: Changing Roles and Expanded Responsibilities

2024-02-23T15:00:55+00:00

Several changes have characterized the teaching/learning environment in the last decade. The growing importance of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) has offered new avenues for teachers and students to deal with content and to ensure practical and effective means of interaction. In addition, the sudden and unexpected events that are taking place all over the globe are urging educationists and stakeholders to seriously think of alternative ways to traditional face to face instruction. The pandemic crisis of COVID 19, the unstable political, economic and social situation in many parts of the world have fostered the idea of migrating to digital (online) learning which guarantees safer and more secured interaction among teachers and students. This paper sheds light on the changing roles and expanded responsibilities of Algerian EFL teachers and students in the 21st Century digital era. Tools of data collection include two different online questionnaires designed for teacher educators and students at the Ecole Normale Supérieure ‘Assia Djebar’, Constantine, Algeria. Results concluded that the experience with e-learning was challenging but worth endeavouring. Moreover, the subjects have shown a certain degree of awareness about the importance of digital instruction in developing students’ autonomous and collaborative learning. On this basis, the study has come up with some suggestions from instructors and learners to make digital learning easier and more effective experience in the future.

Breaking Down Barriers: Paving the Way for the Implementation of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in the Algerian Higher Education Institutions

2024-02-23T15:02:16+00:00

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) has gained considerable attention worldwide as an innovative pedagogical approach that integrates content knowledge with language learning. This study explores the potential benefits and challenges associated with the implementation of CLIL in the Algerian Higher Education Institutions. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature and employing a qualitative research design, including a systematic review and synthesis of scholarly articles, books, reports, and other relevant sources, this research identifies the key barriers hindering the successful adoption of CLIL in the Algerian context. Furthermore, this research proposes a set of strategies as a roadmap to overcome these challenges and pave the way for effective CLIL implementation. Breaking down these barriers and fostering a more dynamic learning environment, Algerian Higher Education Institutions can better prepare students for the demands of a globalized world. This research provides valuable insights and practical recommendations to policymakers, educators, and researchers interested in promoting language education reform in higher education. By bridging the gap between research and practice, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse on CLIL implementation and its implications for educational reform, focusing on the need for further research.

Bearings on Classroom Assessment Practices: From Perception to Practice

2024-02-23T15:04:02+00:00

This study examines the assessment strategies and practices at Oran 2 University, Algeria. It attempts to explore the impact of assessment procedures on learners’ motivation and academic achievements. This research adopted a mixed-methods case study design wherein both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis procedures were used to explore tertiary teachers’ assessment strategies while assessing their learners’ competencies. A random sample of 30 tertiary teachers formed the target population during the first semester of the academic year 2022. Findings reveal that some teachers continue to rely on a limited set of assessment tools as the sole means of evaluation to meet the diverse needs of their learners. However, the study also highlights that teachers also showed a good understanding of the necessary knowledge and training required before implementing assessment tools to provide students with the necessary feedback. The results also indicate an essential need for in-service training, pedagogical support, and professional development to meet the challenges identified by teachers in adapting and maintaining effective assessment practices at all levels of tertiary education.

Teaching the Analysis of Translation Errors through Collaborative Work: The Case of 1st Year Master Students at the University of Mascara – Algeria

2024-02-23T15:06:15+00:00

Given the gap noted in the Algerian official syllabus of the translation unit, and though both teachers and students are aware of the importance of translation errors, no lecture is dedicated to this concept. Hence, the present investigation attempts to testify the efficiency of collaborative work in teaching translation errors to M.A. students and thereby apply the theoretical background in real situations. It aims to train students to detect and correct errors, improve the final product, and minimise the different types of errors. The paper adopts a qualitative quantitative-mixed method to scrutinise the phenomenon under investigation. Whereas the theoretical part draws on Delisle's (1999) model of translation errors, the practical part relies on data collected via questionnaires, interviews, and document analysis. The paper's data were obtained from M.A. students' documents at Mascara University (Algeria) to examine the efficiency of collaborative work as a method of teaching translation errors. The study finds out that the error rate was reduced by 24% after adopting collaborative work, including the three types of texts (general, medical, and literary). The study also concludes that collaborative work enhances three central competencies competitiveness, autonomy, and motivation; hence, they acquire certain translation maturity and critical thinking.

Legal Translation in Algeria: The Justice Scales to The Test of Equivalence

2024-02-23T15:10:35+00:00

Legal translation is a specialized area of translation that requires a deep understanding of legal ‎systems, legal terminology, and the cultural context in which the legal document was created. ‎In Algeria, legal translation plays a critical role in facilitating communication and ensuring the ‎accuracy and clarity of legal documents. This paper will explore the challenges and ‎considerations that legal translators in Algeria face, including linguistic, cultural, and legal ‎factors. Through a thorough analysis of legal translation in Algeria, this paper seeks to shed ‎light on the essential role that legal translation plays in promoting access to justice and ‎maintaining the integrity of legal systems in Algeria, where legal translation is particularly ‎important due to the country's unique, complex, and diverse legal system, which combines ‎elements of French civil law and Islamic law, in addition to the multiple official languages, ‎including Arabic, French, and Berber. Moreover, the legal documents that require translation ‎in Algeria range from contracts and agreements to court documents and legal judgments. ‎These documents often have significant legal consequences, making accuracy and precision in ‎legal translation critical. In this context, it is essential for legal translators in Algeria to have ‎specialized training and expertise in legal translation to ensure that legal documents are ‎accurately and effectively translated across different languages and legal systems using all ‎types of equivalence for terms and concepts dealt with and comparative law study for the text ‎to be translated. ‎

Entre Palabras y Culturas: La literatura Aljamiada y su Relevancia Sociocultural

2024-02-23T15:12:03+00:00

ABSTRACT: The aljamiada literature is a form of writing that developed in Spain during the Middle Ages and was used to write in the Castilian language or other Romance languages using the Arabic alphabet. These manuscripts are an example of the influence and cultural blending that characterized medieval Spain, and they are an important source for the history and culture of the country. Despite being relatively unknown outside academic circles, the study and preservation of aljamiada literature are essential for understanding the rich cultural and linguistic diversity that has characterized Spain throughout its history. Additionally, these manuscripts showcase the creativity and ingenuity of the writers and scribes who created them, offering a unique and fascinating insight into the life and customs of medieval Spain. In this article, we will explore the origins, history, and significance of aljamiada literature, as well as its current status and efforts being made for its preservation. We will also analyze the influence of aljamiada literature on culture and literature.

RESUMEN: La literatura aljamiada es una forma de escritura que se desarrolló en España durante la Edad Media y se utilizaba para escribir en lengua castellana u otras lenguas romances utilizando el alfabeto árabe. Estos manuscritos son un ejemplo de la influencia y el mestizaje cultural que caracterizó a la España medieval, y son una fuente importante para la historia y la cultura del país. A pesar de ser relativamente desconocida fuera de los círculos académicos, el estudio y la preservación de la literatura aljamiada son esenciales para comprender la rica diversidad cultural y lingüística que ha caracterizado a España a lo largo de su historia. Además, estos manuscritos muestran la creatividad y la ingeniosidad de los escritores y copistas que los crearon, ofreciendo una visión única y fascinante de la vida y las costumbres de la España medieval. En este artículo, exploraremos los orígenes, la historia y la importancia de la literatura aljamiada, así como su estado actual y los esfuerzos que se están realizando para su preservación. También analizaremos la influencia de la literatura aljamiada en la cultura y la literatura.

Desaciertos gramaticales en la versión española Ocultación de la novelista saudí Raja Alem

2024-02-23T15:14:29+00:00

ABSTRACT: The main objective of this study is to identify and analyse grammatical errors (syntactic and morphological) in the Spanish version of the novel Ocultación by the Saudi writer Raja Alem and the possible causes that have led the translator to make such errors. The analysis will focus on those syntactic and morphological errors that have affected the accuracy of the transfer in certain passages of the work. Our working methodology consists of comparing the Spanish translation of the novel with its Arabic original to identify the possible errors noted and their effect on the accuracy of the translation, accompanied by explanatory comments and followed by our proposals for such errors. For this, the work relies on the typology of grammatical errors developed by Nord (1991) and Hurtado Albir (2017).

RESUMEN: El objetivo principal de este trabajo es identificar y analizar los desaciertos gramaticales (sintácticos y morfológicos) en la versión española de la novela Ocultación de la escritora saudí Raja Alem y las causas posibles que han llevado a la traductora a incurrir en tales desaciertos. El análisis se centrará en aquellos desaciertos sintácticos y morfológicos que han afectado a la precisión del trasvase en ciertos pasajes de la obra. Nuestra metodología de trabajo consiste en cotejar la traducción al español de la novela con su original árabe para identificar los posibles desaciertos señalados y su efecto sobre la exactitud de la traducción, acompañados de comentarios aclarativos y seguidos por nuestras propuestas para dichos desaciertos. Para ello, el trabajo se apoya en la tipología de los errores gramaticales desarrollados por Nord (1991) y Hurtado Albir (2017).

Aproximación terminológica e histórica sobre la Conquista versus Reconquista

2024-02-23T15:16:32+00:00

ABSTRACT: Muslim civilization built a state on the Iberian Peninsula, known as Al-Andalus, which persisted for eight centuries from the 8th century, in relation to and in contact with the Christian kingdoms gradually emerging in the northern part of the peninsula. Examining the history of Spain in the mediaeval era involves revisiting the history of Al-Andalus and the nascent Christian kingdoms with contrasting historiographies. Here, we focus on the use of concepts related to the Middle Ages, which have sparked controversies today, necessitating a revision. Among the numerous terms, we specifically concentrate on the concepts of Conquest and Reconquest. The objective of our research is to define and historically situate these concepts (Conquest/Reconquest) used in various political contexts, which seem to respond to specific circumstances and ideologies that vary from one historian to another. If the term Reconquista is currently a subject of controversy in the world of historiography, so is the term Conquest, as they are interconnected by historical events. The Reconquista is tied to the emergence of the Spanish nation and the crafting of a renewed history of Spain. On the other hand, the Muslim conquest is the foundation that led to the creation of a Muslim state in Christian Western Europe during the mediaeval period, leaving lasting imprints on various aspects of life for centuries. The realisation and approval of this investigation have required a historical, analytical, and comparative method.

RESUMEN: La civilización musulmana construyo un estado en la Península Ibérica, denominado al Ándalus, que desde el siglo VIII se mantuvo durante ocho siglos en relación y contacto con los reinos cristianos que, poco a poco, se fueron construyendo en el Norte peninsular. Tratar la historia de España en la época medieval es en consecuencia volver sobre la historia de al Ándalus y los nacientes reinos cristianos, cuyas historiografías en contraste. Aquí nos referimos al uso de conceptos sobre la Edad Media, que hoy día han suscitado polémicas por la necesidad de revisarlos. Entre tantos términos nos focalizamos sobre los conceptos, Conquista y Reconquista. Pues, el objetivo de nuestra investigación es definir y situar históricamente los conceptos (Conquista/Reconquista), empleados en diversos contextos políticos, que parecen obedecer a ciertas circunstancias, e ideologías que difieren de un historiador a otro. Si el término Reconquista es actualmente objeto de polémica en el mundo de la historiografía, lo es también el de Conquista, por ser relacionados por los hechos. La Reconquista está ligada al surgimiento de la nación española, y a la confección de una renovada historia de España, la conquista musulmana por su parte es el gremio que dio lugar a la creación de un estado musulmán en el Occidente cristiano en la época medieval, durante siglos dejando huellas en diversos aspectos de la vida. La realización y aprobación de dicha indagación ha exigido un método histórico, analítico y comparativo.

La funzione del paratesto in La Traversata della mangrovia di Maryse Condé

2024-02-23T15:19:23+00:00

ABSTRACT: Maryse Condé is a famous writer from the Antilles who has been praised by academic critics for her novels, short stories, plays, and essays. Eliana Vicari is the Italian translator of her texts. The novel Traversata della Mangrovia is one of the most interesting translations, especially for the importance given to the paratextual apparatus. The paratext plays an important role in postcolonial texts, as it helps to understand the cultural and linguistic challenges present in the original text and the attempts to transpose them into the translated text. Translation is not only about the linguistic aspect but also requires reflection that embraces all aspects of the translation act. The paratext is therefore a valuable support tool that helps the translator and the reader have a clear view of the reality represented in the text.

RIASSUNTO: Maryse Condé è una famosa scrittrice antillese, che è stata elogiata dalla critica accademica per i suoi romanzi, racconti, opere teatrali e saggi. Eliana Vicari è la traduttrice italiana dei suoi testi. Il romanzo La Traversata della mangrovia è una delle traduzioni più interessanti soprattutto per l’importanza riservata all'apparato paratestuale. Il paratesto ha un ruolo importante nei testi postcoloniali, in quanto aiuta a comprendere le sfide culturali e linguistiche presenti nel testo originale e i tentativi di trasporle nel testo tradotto. La traduzione non riguarda solo l'aspetto linguistico, ma richiede una riflessione che abbracci tutti gli aspetti dell’atto traduttivo. Il paratesto è dunque un valido strumento di supporto che aiuta il traduttore e il lettore ad avere una chiara visione della realtà rappresentata nel testo.

La scoperta delle manifestazioni e degli aspetti socioculturali dell’Italia mediante il testo letterario: Il caso di “NATALE A REGALPETRA” di Leonardo Sciascia e di “A Gesù BAMBINO” di Umberto Saba

2024-02-23T15:24:40+00:00

ABSTRACT: Teaching/ learning Italian as a foreign language has always been linked to the use of literary texts in language classes. It is considered a place where Italian culture and language are practiced. This article proposes to present and explain the complementary role of literature in language classes, showing the effectiveness and importance of the use of literary text as an educational tool and support and a sociocultural medium, presenting cultural aspects, linguistic and communicative language that foster the acquisition of intercultural competence through an analysis of a narrative text by Sciascia and another poetic by Umberto Saba.

RIASSUNTO: L’insegnamento/ apprendimento dell’italiano come lingua straniera è stato sempre legato all’uso dei testi letterari nelle classi di lingua. È considerato come spazio dove si pratica la cultura e la lingua italiana. Quest’articolo propone di presentare e spiegare il ruolo complementare della letteratura nelle classi di lingua, mostrando l’efficacia e l’importanza dell’uso del testo letterario come uno strumento e supporto didattico e un medium socioculturale, presentando gli aspetti culturali, linguistici e comunicativi veicolati nella lingua che favoriscono l’acquisizione della competenza interculturale, attraverso un’analisi di un testo narrativo di Sciascia e un altro poetico di Umberto Saba.

الأنا والآخر بين الثّابت والمتغيّر في الرواية العربيّة المعاصرة قراءة في "عازف الغيوم" لعليّ بدر

2024-02-23T15:26:42+00:00

ABSTRACT: This article studies the thesis/issue of the ego and the other in contemporary Arabic fiction, focusing on the aspects of stability, reliability, and differences between what was before and how it changed now. That is why we have chosen the novel (The Player of the Clouds) «azif el guyum » by the Iraqi writer (Ali Badr) as a sample, which depicts the patriotic, nationalistic, and religious journey of the musician (Nabil) escaping from his ego towards the other with all its Western and European representations, by extrapolating and analysing the sources of the affection and influence between this character and the world to which he was directed. And the extent to which he sticks to his identity or abandons it. Finally, let us focus on the constants and variables between the ego and the other in this text and on the relationship between them.

الملخص: يقوم هذا المقال على قضية الأنا والآخر في الرواية العربية المعاصرة، ولكن عبر التركيز على أوجه الثّبات والاختلاف فيها بين ما كان سابقا وما هو موجود الآن. واخترنا لذلك رواية (عازف الغيوم) للكاتب العراقي علي بدر التي تصوّر رحلة هروب العازف (نبيل) من الأنا – وطنيّة ودينيّة وقوميّة - نحو الآخر بكلّ تمثّلاته الغربية والأوروبية، عن طريق استقراء وتحليل مواطن التأثير والتأثّر بين هذه الشخصية والعالم الذي توجّهت إليه، ومدى تمسّكها بهويّتها أو تخلّيها عنها. لنقف في الأخير على الثّابت والمتغيّر في هذا النّص وعلى طبيعة العلاقة بينهما الآن.

فنُّ الترشيح بين التصوير البياني والتحسين البديعي

2024-02-23T15:28:49+00:00

ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the term "strengthening" and its adverbs in figures of speech and the embellishments. The research tried to study the strengthening in all the figures of speech and not only in the metaphor. He also tried to study the changes in its meanings in the field of verbal embellishments because its meanings were undergoing some change in this field, which led to a multiplicity of concepts. and the approach adopted in the completion of this research was descriptive and analytical.

الملخص: يتَحَدَّثُ هذا البحثُ عن مُصطلح الترشيح وأحواله في الصور البيانية والمحسّنات البديعية. فقد حاول البحثُ أنْ يطرُقَ الترشيحَ في كُلّ الصور البيانية وليس فقط في الاستعارة كما هو الشأن في كتب البلاغة. كما حاوَلَ في مجال المحسِّنات البديعية أنْ يرصُدَ التغيُّرات التي طَرَأت على دلالته، إذ لم تَثبُتْ دلالته في بعض المحسّنات ونَجَمَ عن ذلك تعدُّدٌ في المفاهيم. وقد كان المنهجُ المعتَمَدُ في إنجاز هذا البحث وَصفيا تحليليا.

بلاغة الكناية واستراتيجية تداولها في الخطاب السياسي الجزائري المعاصر

2024-02-23T15:31:47+00:00

ABSTRACT: Recent studies have confirmed that language is not only a means of describing facts and events but also a means of performing other functions that play an important role in human life: promise, questioning, ending, warning, encouragement, incitement, etc. In fact, it is a role that refers us to the verb of words. And in achieving this verbal act, the sending Alfina is directed to direct and indirect expression. It is possible to talk about a political sender who manipulates language in the words of Fenstein and intends to pass his words between irony and conscience in saying obligation to address it by activating appropriate interpretation mechanisms to reach apparent and hidden purposes. It is in that intention that his eloquence is reflected in the recruitment and engagement of the factual faculty in an attempt to make the rhetoric work. In this research, we seek to stand up to the rhetoric and communicate it in Algeria's contemporary political discourse in its old concept and to engage it in the wording of the words implicit in the modern deliberative concept, in search of strategies for its circulation among addressees based on the deliberative approach of its mechanisms and its contemporary procedural concepts, revealing how to use language. This has allowed us to reveal that it is eloquent, that it belongs to what is destructive, that it brings about the coherence and harmony of political discourse, that it is reflected in the modern circular concept, and that it has a distinctive and necessary place in political verbal interaction as it does in normal everyday practice.

الملخص: يقوم لقد أكّدت الدّراسات الحديثة أنّ اللّغة ليست وسيلة لوصف الوقائع والأحداث فحسب، وإنّما وسيلة لأداء وظائف أخرى تؤدّي دورا مهمّا في حياة البشر ومنها: الوعد، والاستفهام، والنّهي، والتّحذير، والتّشجيع، والتّحريض... وفي الحقيقة هو دور يحيلنا إلى الفعل النّاتج عن القول. ولتحقيق هذا الفعل الكلامي ألفينا المرسل متوجّها إلى التّعبير المباشر والتّعبير غير المباشر، وبذلك يمكن الحديث عن المرسل السّياسي الّذي يتلاعب باللّغة على حدّ تعبير فجنشتاين، ويتأرجح قصد تمرير أقواله بين السّخرية والاضمار في القول ملزما مخاطبَه بتفعيل آليات التّأويل المناسبة للوصول إلى المقاصد الظّاهرة والخفيّة، وفي ذلك القصد تبرز بلاغته في توظيف الكناية الّتي تقابل القول المضمر والاشتغال بها في محاولة إنجاح العملية التّخاطبية. نسعى في هذا البحث إلى الوقوف عند بلاغة الكناية وابلاغيتها في الخطاب السياسي الجزائري المعاصر بمفهومها القديم، والاشتغال بها في صيغة الأقوال المضمرة بالمفهوم التّداولي الحديث بحثا عن استراتيجيّات تداولها بين المتخاطبين، مستندين في ذلك إلى المنهج التّداولي بآلياته ومفاهيمه الإجرائية المعاصرة الكاشفة عن كيفية استعمال اللّغة والاشتغال بها في مواقف مختلفة. الأمر الذي سمح لنا بالكشف عن كون الكناية بلاغة بانتمائها إلى ما هو مضمر وبها تحقّق تماسك الخطاب السّياسي وانسجامه، وإنّ الكناية متجليّة بالمفهوم التّداولي الحديث ولها مكانتها المميّزة والضّرورية في التّفاعل الكلامي السياسي مثلما لها مكانة في الممارسة اليومية العادية.

المترجم الإلكتروني الناطق الموجه بالأوامر الصوتية تطبيق عملي في الترجمة من اللغة الإنجليزية إلى اللغة العربية باعتماد لغة البرمجة البايثون

2024-02-23T15:33:32+00:00

ABSTRACT: The subject of this paper is to investigate the possibility of programming a speaking electronic translator guided by voice commands by adopting the Python programming language. One of the results of this study was that the electronic translator guided by voice commands can be implemented in light of the available software libraries, to obtain a positive result in the end regarding the application and obtaining a voice translation from English into Arabic. This topic is of great importance as it is necessary to provide operating systems with this type of software that facilitates the lives of its users for multilingual communication, and the descriptive approach required by the topic has been relied upon.

الملخص: موضوع هذه الورقة البحث في إمكانية برمجة المترجم الإلكتروني الناطق الموجّه بالأوامر الصوتية باعتماد لغة البرمجة بايثون، فتأسست هذه الدراسة على جانب نظري يبحث في الأسس المعرفية النظرية حول حوسبة اللغة، أما الجانب التطبيقي فيبحث في إمكانية تنفيذ المترجم على أرض الواقع. وكان من نتائج هذه الدراسة أن المترجم الإلكتروني الموجه بالأوامر الصوتية يمكن تنفيذه في ظل ما هو متوفّر من مكتبات برمجية، لنحصل في الأخير على نتيجة إيجابية فيما يخص التطبيق والحصول على ترجمة صوتية من اللغة الإنجليزية إلى اللغة العربية. ويعتبر هذا الموضوع على درجة كبيرة من الأهمية كونه ضرورة لتزويد أنظمة التشغيل بهذه النوعية من البرامج التي تسهّل حياة مستخدميها للتواصل المتعدد اللغات، وقد تم الاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي الذي يتطلّبه الموضوع.