ALTRALANG Journal

L’écho de la nature chez Ljubica Milićević : une exploration écocritique des liens entre la vie, la mort naturelle et la guerre

Milica MARINKOVIĆ — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: The article explores the relationship between humans, nature, and war through an analysis of Ljubica Milićević's novel Le chemin des pierres. The work transcends the author’s linguistic and cultural boundaries, reflecting her personal experiences of immigration and ecological concerns. The analysis demonstrates how the novel presents nature as a dynamic force rather than a passive backdrop. Furthermore, it examines war as a catalyst for human genocide and ecological geocide, emphasizing the need for environmental awareness. The narrative highlights the duality between nature and war, symbolizing the natural and the artificial, respectively. Natural elements such as water, air, earth, and fire are depicted as powerful deities, evoking philosophical notions of contrast and dualism. The analysis also underscores the importance of the female body and its connection to nature, illustrating the eternal cycle of life and transformation. In conclusion, the study underscores the need to respect nature and its laws to ensure a sustainable future. By integrating aesthetic and ecological aspects, the novel offers a profound reflection on contemporary challenges and humanity's responsibility toward its environment.

RÉSUMÉ : L’article explore la relation entre l’homme, la nature et la guerre à travers l’analyse du roman Le chemin des pierres de Ljubica Milićević. L’œuvre transcende les frontières linguistiques et culturelles de l’auteure, reflétant ses expériences personnelles d’immigration et ses préoccupations écologiques. L’analyse démontre comment le roman aborde la nature comme un acteur dynamique et non simplement comme un cadre passif. En outre, il examine la guerre comme un catalyseur de génocide humain et géocide écologique, soulignant la nécessité de la conscience environnementale. Le récit met en lumière la dualité entre la nature et la guerre, symbolisant respectivement le naturel et l’artificiel. Les éléments naturels, tels que l’eau, l’air, la terre et le feu, sont présentés comme des divinités puissantes, rappelant les notions philosophiques de contraste et de dualisme. L’analyse souligne également l’importance du corps féminin et de son lien avec la nature, illustrant le cycle éternel de la vie et de la transformation. En conclusion, l’étude met en évidence la nécessité de respecter la nature et ses lois pour assurer un avenir durable. En intégrant les aspects esthétiques et écologiques, le roman offre une réflexion profonde sur les défis contemporains et la responsabilité de l’homme envers son environnement.

Max Ernst et Marguerite Duras. Peintre et écrivain de l'exil ?

Fatima SEDDAOUI — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: Max Ernst and Marguerite Duras are artists who have had an intimate relationship with exile and melancholy. These two themes can be found in both their biographical and artistic backgrounds. On the one hand, Max Ernst, a German painter who spent part of his life in exile, whose paintings are imbued with a melancholy and poetic quality that runs through all his artistic creativity; on the other, Marguerite Duras also experienced exile. In this article, we examine the aspects of exile in the two artistic paths. We will show how the images of Indochina and the United States present themselves on a symbolic level, characterising geographical exile in relation to social exile. To this end, the exile of the 'self' drives them to search for themselves and their fragmented, melancholic unity. Sometimes this is the image of a painting, sometimes it is the image of an evoked narrative, allowing the exile to be inscribed thematically. This article examines the importance and functions of exile in the work of Max Ernst and Marguerite Duras. We analyse the paintings and the writings to affirm that the organisation of the image and the text is oriented towards an artistic creative evolution of exile.

RÉSUMÉ : Max Ernst et Marguerite Duras sont des artistes qui ont approché intimement l'exil et la mélancolie. Ainsi, note-on que ces deux thèmes s'y retrouvent autant dans leurs parcours biographique qu’artistique. D’une part, Max Ernst, peintre allemand a passé une partie de sa vie en exil dont ses tableaux sont emprunts d'une mélancolie et de poéticité qui traversent toute sa créativité artistique ; d’autre part, Marguerite Duras a connu aussi l'exil. Dans le cadre de notre article, on examine les aspects de l'exil dans les deux cheminements artistiques. Nous montrerons comment se présentent les images de l'Indochine et des États-Unis sur le plan symbolique qui caractérisent des exils géographiques mis en relation avec l'exil social. Pour ce faire, l'exil du « moi » les pousse à la recherche d'eux-mêmes et de leur unité fragmentée et mélancolique. Celle-ci est parfois, une image d’un tableau, d’autre fois celle d’une narration évoquée permettant ainsi l'inscription thématique de l'exil. Cet article interroge l'importance et les fonctionnements de l'exil autant dans la production de Max Ernst que celle de Marguerite Duras. Nous procédons à l’analyse des tableaux et des écrits pour affirmer que l'organisation de l'image et du texte est orientée vers une évolution créative artistique de l'exil.

Le soliloque un élément cathartique, dans Je Suis Seul de Mbarek Ould Beyrouk

Houari BENALLA, Fatiha CHAOUIB — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: This article suggests a reflection on the soliloquy of the sole protagonist of the novel and the therapeutic virtue of being locked up in Mbarek Ould Beyrouk’s “I am Alone”. We will see how the soliloquy and the confinement of the narrator/main character had a cathartic function, fully ensuring his psychological evolution following the questioning of his whole life, as well as the transition from negative heroes (antiheroes) to positive heroes. In short, a solilocutous word that provides relief and a confinement that becomes deliverance.

RÉSUMÉ : Cet article suggère une réflexion sur le soliloque de l’unique protagoniste du roman et de la vertu thérapeutique de l’enfermement dans ‘’Je suis Seul’’ de Mbarek Ould Beyrouk. Nous verrons comment le soliloque et l’enfermement du narrateur/personnage principal ont eu une fonction cathartique, assurant pleinement son évolution psychologique à la suite de la remise en question de toute sa vie, ainsi que le passage de héros négatif (antihéros) à celui de héros positif. En bref, une parole solilocutoire qui procure soulagement et un enfermement qui devient délivrance.

Esthétique du fragmentaire dans le roman africain de l’immigration contemporaine

Fulgence MANIRAMBONA — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: Through this article, we propose an analysis of the narrative structure of the African novel of the contemporary Diaspora based on a corpus composed of several works published around the decade 2000. This corpus, like the vast majority of novels published after it, is characterized by the composite and the 'disorder' newly instituted by the interaction of the postcolonial protest and the postmodern innovation. This novelistic construction thus breaks with the narrative ingredients of the classic novelistic narrative model: a well-knotted plot, a chronological unfolding in a stable and coherent universe, a reality representation, a typified central character whose actions appear motivated and explicable. The aesthetic strategy used in creating the contemporary African novel consists in bending the narrative to the essential and in creating the discontinuous within the continuous. We approach this aesthetics of narrative disintegration and incoherence in the light of the postmodern theory.

RÉSUMÉ : Dans cet article, nous proposons une analyse de la structure narrative du roman africain de la diaspora contemporaine à partir d’un corpus composé de quelques œuvres publiées autour de la décennie 2000. Celui-ci, comme d’ailleurs la grande majorité des romans publiés après, se caractérise par le composite et le « désordre » nouvellement institué par l’interaction du caractère contestataire du postcolonial et de l’innovation postmoderne. Cette construction romanesque rompt ainsi avec les ingrédients narratifs du modèle de récit romanesque classique : une intrigue bien nouée, un déroulement chronologique dans un univers stable et cohérent, une représentation du réel, un personnage central typé dont les actions apparaissent motivées et explicables. La stratégie esthétique mise en œuvre dans la création du roman africain contemporain consiste à plier la narration à l’essentiel et à créer le discontinu dans le continu. Nous approchons cette esthétique de la désintégration et de la non-cohérence du récit à la lumière de la théorie postmoderne.

Identités frontalières et est/éthique de la relation chez Léonora Miano

Mamadou Bailo Binta DIALLO — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: The question of the border occupies an important place in contemporary African thought and artistic creation. We find it both in philosophers like Achille Mbembe and Felwine Sarr and in writers like Fatou Diome and Léonora Miano. On both sides its political use is denounced and its ethical function valorized. Both see it as a place of conjunction and not of disjunction. It is this connective function of the term border that Léonora Miano mobilizes in the development of her literary, ethical and intellectual posture. She gives it a pragmatic, aesthetic and anthropological orientation. This contribution aims to explore these three dimensions of the notion of border.

RÉSUMÉ : Cette réflexion explore la problématique de la frontière dans la pensée et la littérature africaines contemporaine, en s’appuyant sur l’œuvre de Léonora Miano. En effet, aussi bien Miano que d’autres écrivains et philosophes dénoncent l’usage politique de la frontière et mettent en valeur sa fonction éthique. Les uns et les autres l’envisagent comme lieu de conjonction et non de disjonction. C’est cette fonction conjonctive du terme de frontière que mobilise Léonora Miano dans l’élaboration de sa posture littéraire et intellectuelle. Elle lui donne une orientation tant éthique qu’esthétique et anthropologique. Cette contribution vise à explorer ces trois dimensions de la notion de frontière.

Analyse de la réception du documentaire "On nous appelait Beurettes" par les spectatrices du Festival du Film Arabe de Fameck

Hanane ZATOUT, Hanane EL BACHIR — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: This article provides an in-depth analysis of the reception of the documentary "On nous appelait Beurettes" by the female viewers of the Arab Film Festival of Fameck. It examines how women from France's Maghreb immigrant community perceive the representations of their feminine identity in the film. Based on a qualitative survey, this study draws on semi-structured interviews conducted with first, second, and third-generation female viewers. This generational diversity offers insight into the positions and feelings of these women in relation to their projected image on screen. The analysis highlights the tensions between cinematic representations of the Beurette identity and the individual experiences of the viewers, emphasizing how they interpret and reinterpret these portrayals.

RÉSUMÉ : Cet article propose une analyse approfondie de la réception du documentaire « On nous appelait Beurettes » par les spectatrices du festival du film arabe de Fameck. Il examine la manière dont les femmes issues de l’immigration maghrébine en France perçoivent les représentations de leur identité féminine dans le film. Basée sur une enquête qualitative, cette étude s’appuie sur des entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès des spectatrices de première, deuxième et troisième génération. Cette diversité générationnelle offre un aperçu des positions et des ressentis de ces femmes face à leur image projetée à l’écran. L’analyse met en évidence les tensions entre les représentations cinématographiques de l’identité Beurette et les vécues individuels des spectatrices, en soulignant la manière dont elles interprètent et réinterprètent ces représentations.

Analyse stylistique et pragmatique de l’éloquence épidictique dans Ici commence ici de Sony Labou Tansi

Daouda COULIBALY — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: Stylistics reveals a unique vision of the world through the author's use of the possibilities offered by language in literary texts. Since the end of the 20th century, it has reconnected with rhetoric (ethos, pathos, logos) and pragmatics to align with poststructuralist theories. Epideictic discourse aims at praise or blame through amplification and elevated style. This article demonstrates that the interaction of stylistics and pragmatics effectively deciphers the discursive phenomena through which Sony Labou Tansi celebrates the action of the poet.

RÉSUMÉ : La stylistique révèle la vision singulière du monde à travers l’usage que l’auteur fait des possibilités que lui offre la langue dans les textes littéraires. Depuis la fin du XX^ème siècle, elle renoue avec la rhétorique (ethos, pathos, logos) et la pragmatique pour se mettre au diapason des théories poststructuralistes. Le discours épidictique vise l’éloge ou le blâme, par l’amplification et le style élevé. Cet article montre que l’interaction de la stylistique et de la pragmatique décrypte efficacement les phénomènes discursifs par lesquels Sony Labou Tansi célèbre l’action du poète

Senghor et la promotion de la Négritude : chronique d’une lutte controversée

Atchori Justin ABINDJÉ — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: This survey aims to explore the discursive strategies and the ideological scope of Negritude, and more specifically, Senghor’s negritude in the African poetic field from the past to the current days. If Leopold Sedar Senghor positively marked the African literature, in general, and the Negro-African poetry, in particular, one of the leading figures, his negritude has experienced ups and downs. Sparking endless debates of the servility of his works toward western models, despite his insistence, on the importance of his debt toward his tradition. By doing so, the survival of that major trend of philosophical thought sways to the rhythm of the temper of revolutionaries and adepts authors. Far from receiving unanimous consent of a good many of scholars’ votes, a lot of contradiction has been observed from which several African writers have challenged, separated between the African celebration and the claims of its economic, political and literary liberty, by freeing the past and the others: the epigones who believe that the pastiche and mimicry liquidation must be done gradually. Building on it, the negritude advocated by Senghor did not know a linear ascending curve. It sways between failure and success, but above all, simply helped to reveal the worth of African cultural heritages with its magico-mystical universe. To say no to a tagging-along attitude and to assert oneself, at a certain moment of his history.

RÉSUMÉ : La présente étude se propose de porter un regard sur les stratégies discursives et la portée idéologique de la Négritude, et plus spécifiquement l’impact de la négritude de Senghor dans le champ poétique africain d’hier à aujourd’hui. Car, si Léopold Sédar Senghor a marqué positivement pendant longtemps la littérature africaine en générale et la poésie négro-africaine en particulier comme l’une des figures de proue, sa négritude, elle, a connu bien de hauts et de bas. Suscitant l’interminable débat de la servilité de ses œuvres à l’égard des modèles occidentaux, malgré son insistance sur l’importance de sa dette à l’égard de sa tradition. Ce faisant, la survie de ce vaste mouvement de pensées vacille au rythme du tempérament et des dichotomies des auteurs adeptes et révolutionnaires. Allant, loin de réaliser l’unanimité des suffrages chez bon nombre d’intellectuels, l’on a remarqué de nombreuses contradictions auxquelles se trouvent confrontés les écrivains africains écartelés entre la célébration de l’Afrique et la réclamation de sa liberté économique, politique et littéraire en se libérant du passé. De l’autre, les épigones estiment que la liquidation du pastiche et du mimétisme devrait se faire progressivement. Partant de ce fait, la Négritude prônée par Senghor a oscillé entre échec et réussite, mais surtout, elle a simplement aidé à révéler les richesses du patrimoine culturel africain avec son monde magico- mystique. A dire non à un suivisme béat et à s’affirmer à un certain moment de son histoire.

Les humanités médicales à l’épreuve de la médecine narrative : vers une réhumanisation du soin par le récit

Chahrazed OUAHAB, Frédéric-Gaël THEURIAU — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: This research examines the role of medical humanities in narrative medicine, emphasizing the importance of humanizing medical practice in the face of contemporary challenges. It highlights how patients’ stories enrich the understanding of their experiences, fostering an empathetic relationship with healthcare providers. By addressing inequalities in healthcare access and ethical issues related to health technologies, the study advocates for an inclusive approach that considers social realities. Ultimately, it calls for a transformation of medical practices by integrating ethical reflection and active listening, establishing a connection between the humanities, social sciences, and medicine to better address current challenges.

RÉSUMÉ : Cette recherche examine les humanités médicales et leur rôle dans la médecine narrative, soulignant l’importance de réhumaniser la pratique médicale face aux défis contemporains. Elle met en avant comment les récits des patients enrichissent la compréhension de leurs expériences, favorisant une relation empathique avec les soignants. En abordant les inégalités d’accès aux soins et les enjeux éthiques liés aux technologies de santé, l’étude plaide pour une approche inclusive et attentive aux réalités sociales. Enfin, elle appelle à transformer les pratiques médicales en intégrant une réflexion éthique et une écoute active, établissant un lien entre sciences humaines, sociales et médecine pour mieux répondre aux défis actuels.

L’hétérogénéité interactionnelle dans les consultations médicales algériennes

Siham HOCINI — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: Adopting an interactional approach, the present study addresses the issue of interactional heterogeneity (Ten Have, 1991; Lacoste, 1993), particularly in terms of knowledge, through a few medical consultations produced in French in the Algerian context. The aim of this work is to fill the scientific gaps felt in the field of research on this type of social interaction. While the doctor has more medical knowledge than the patient, he or she has no information about the patient's case (experiential knowledge (Dominicé, 2010). He must therefore deal with this heterogeneity of experiential knowledge if he is to accomplish his task of making a diagnosis. Analysis of a corpus of recorded conversations shows that the question is one of the procedures used by the doctor to determine the patient's condition. Moreover, the heterogeneity of knowledge is a driving force in medical consultations, insofar as it generates a succession of adjacent "question/answer" pairs that enable their development.

RÉSUMÉ : En adoptant une approche interactionnelle, la présente étude traite de la question de l’hétérogénéité interactionnelle (Ten Have, 1991 ; Lacoste, 1993), notamment en termes de connaissances, à travers quelques consultations médicales produites en français dans le contexte algérien. Si le médecin détient plus de connaissances médicales que son patient, il ne possède pas d’informations sur le cas de celui-ci (les connaissances expérientielles (Dominicé, 2010). Il doit donc faire face à cette hétérogénéité de connaissances expérientielles pour pouvoir accomplir sa tâche, c’est-à-dire établir son diagnostic. Aussi, cette hétérogénéité interactionnelle pourrait être, d’un côté, la force motrice de ce type d’interaction, et de l’autre, une menace pour les faces (Brown et Levinson, 1987) du médecin et du patient. L’analyse d’un corpus constitué d’interactions verbales enregistrées dans un milieu médical montre que la question est l’un des procédés employés par le médecin pour cerner l’état du patient. De plus, hétérogénéité de connaissances constitue une force motrice des consultations médicales, dans la mesure où elle engendre une succession de paires adjacentes de type « question/réponse » qui permet leur développement. Par ailleurs, elle ne constitue pas une offense pour le médecin.

Greta Thunberg, l’émotion comme stratégie discursive

Sonia M'FARREDJ — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: The aim of our article is to study the use of emotion as a discursive strategy in Greta Thunberg’s speech at the UN in 2019, particularly in the field of environmental activism. We will firdt look at affective et environmental communication and communicative strategies, then, we talk about the construction of the young activist’s ethos, and finally we analyse the strategy of emotion.

RÉSUMÉ : Notre article a pour but d’étudier l’usage de l’émotion comme stratégie discursive dans le discours de Greta Thunberg à l’ONU en 2019, notamment dans le domaine de l’activisme écologique. Nous nous intéressons, en premier temps, à la communication affective, environnementale et aux stratégies communicatives, puis, nous aborderons la construction de l’ethos de la jeune activiste et nous terminerons par analyser la stratégie de l’émotion.

La figure du « super-héros » dans les pitchs des start-ups Cas de deux succès stories

Amel MEBARKI-BENAFFANE — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: Innovative entrepreneurship is not limited to the simple creation of startups, but also involves the construction of an entrepreneurial ecosystem based on shared values. Like comic-book “superheroes”, the contemporary entrepreneur has a superpower: building mobilizing narratives around his or her vision, without “superhuman” skills. This study aims to dissect the success stories of two sucess stories, Yassir and Safe Sahara, in different speaking contexts, through the prism of discourse analysis. This study analyzes the success narratives of two innovative projects, Yassir and Safe Sahara, in a variety of speaking contexts, using discourse analysis. The article explores how superhero narratives enrich start-up pitches by mobilizing shared values and following a narrative framework: storytelling, which consists in structuring and telling stories. Its aim is to develop an analytical grid for evaluating this narrative, identifying recurring narrative processes and archetypes with which the entrepreneur should identify, in order to create a common narrative reinforcing the effectiveness of pitches.

RÉSUMÉ : L'entrepreneuriat innovant ne se limite pas à la simple création de start-ups, mais implique également la construction d'un écosystème entrepreneurial fondé sur des valeurs partagées. À l’image des « super-héros » des comics, l’entrepreneur contemporain dispose d’un super pouvoir : bâtir des récits mobilisateurs autour de sa vision, sans compétences « surhumaines ». Cette étude décortique les récits de succès de deux projets innovants, Yassir et Safe Sahara, dans des contextes de prise de parole variés, à travers le prisme de l’analyse du discours. L'article explore comment les récits de super-héros enrichissent les pitchs des start-ups en mobilisant des valeurs communes et en suivant une trame narrative : le storytelling, qui consiste à structurer et raconter des histoires. Son objectif est de développer une grille d'analyse pour évaluer cette narration, en identifiant les procédés narratifs récurrents et les archétypes auxquels l’entrepreneur doit s’identifier, afin de créer un récit commun renforçant l'efficacité des pitchs

Décryptage sémiolinguistique des caricatures de Ghilas Aïnouche : dévoilement des réalités sociales à travers le langage iconico-visuel

Hind BELKACEM — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: Ghilas Aïnouche said, in his actual drawings, on traditional or even conventional stereotypes to transmit his effective message to a wide public. This analysis, our examiners comment on these topics that solve social problems. The screen, auto, offre, in effect, a variety of information and communications, accompanies the pictures and details of the people. The caricature, with its own aspect, facilitates the transfer of information, passing the visual to the linguist. This simplifies the political and social issues for a general public, all of whom are responsible for reflexions and disputes. Our examiners also select selected artists from Gilas Aïnouche in the person's représentation, as well as their use of highly effective motors to order all series of sujets to produce sourires with their lecteurs.

RÉSUMÉ : Ghilas Aïnouche s'appuie, dans ses dessins d’actualité, sur des stéréotypes traditionnels voire conventionnels pour transmettre son message de manière efficace à un vaste auditoire. Dans cette analyse, nous examinerons comment ses caricatures révèlent les problèmes sociaux. Chaque dessin, autonome, offre, en effet, une variété d'informations et de communications, accompagnées de portraits détaillés des personnages. La caricature, avec son aspect ludique, facilite le transfert d'informations, passant du visuel au linguistique. Elle simplifie les enjeux politico-sociaux pour un public général, tout en suscitant des réflexions et des débats. Nous examinerons également les choix artistiques de Ghilas Aïnouche dans la représentation des personnages, ainsi que son utilisation habile des mots et des stéréotypes pour aborder des sujets sérieux tout en provoquant des sourires chez les lecteurs.

Pragmatique et communication dans le discours publicitaire relatif au tourisme. Etude sur les slogans et les messages publicitaires

Mohammed LASHEB — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: Our study focuses on the pragmatic aspect of advertising discourse and the discursive impact of communication elements in the design of slogans and advertising messages relating to tourism. It is also a question of types of discourse according to the enunciative acts; descriptive, informative and encouraging. The purpose of this reflection is to clarify the enunciative issues in the production of advertising messages and to see how the communication situation conditions the pragmatic elements of the advertising message. Through a pragmatico-linguistic perspective, our research will be demonstrated that advertising is a type of complex speech act due to its specificity, its persuasive force and its objective of translating “saying” into “doing”

RÉSUMÉ : Le présent article porte principalement sur l’aspect pragmatique du discours publicitaire et sur l’impact discursif des éléments de la communication dans la conception des slogans et des messages publicitaires relatifs au tourisme Il y est également question de types de discours selon les actes énonciatifs ; descriptif, informatif et incitatif. Cette réflexion a pour objet de clarifier les enjeux énonciatifs dans la production des messages publicitaires et de voir comment la situation de communication conditionne les éléments pragmatiques du message publicitaire. A travers une perspective pragmatico-linguistique, il sera démontré que la publicité est un type d’acte de langage complexe de par sa spécificité, sa force persuasive et son objectif de traduire le « dire » en « faire ».

L'expression hypocoristique en baoulé

Yao JEAN-MARC YAO — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: To express affective purposes, Baule language uses hypocoristics denominations to name individuals (human or animals) as all the world's languages do. However, the creation method of hypocoristics in baule is different from what is commonly seen elsewhere. Really, in European languages like french or romanian the most productive creation processes of hypocoristics are truncation, reduplication, derivation and conventional hypocoristics words. Baoulé language seems only to admit one hand conventional hypocoristics and in the other hand some contextual hypocoristics use. This paper consists on introducing the conventional hypocoristics setup in baule before focusing on certain hypocoristics use of marquers not specifically created for that purpose. We follow a synchronic trend based on empirical facts. The politeness theory and phonstylistics are call upon to serve as theoritical basis of the analysis

RÉSUMÉ : Comme toutes les langues du monde, le baoulé fait usage de dénominations hypocoristiques pour traduire l'affect vis-à-vis de la personne (humaine ou animale) nommée. Cependant, le mode de création des hypocoristiques semble différer de ce qu'il est commun d'observer ailleurs. En effet, dans les langues européennes telles que le français ou le roumain, les procédés de création des hypocoristiques les plus productifs sont là troncation, le redoublement, la dérivation ou les termes conventionnellement hypocoristiques. Le baoulé semble n'autoriser que l'usage d'hypocoristiques conventionnalisés d'une part et des emplois hypocoristiques contextuels d'autre part. Ce travail consiste donc à présenter l'organisation du système hypocoristique conventionnel du baoulé avant d'insister sur certains emplois hypocoristiques de marqueurs non spécifiquement créés dans ce but. L'approche est synchronique et repose sur des faits empiriques. La théorie de la politesse et la phonostylistique sont convoquées pour servir de base théorique à l'analyse

Les auxiliaires modaux must, can, et may en anglais : brève mise au point théorique

Abdallah TERWAIT — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: This article explores issues related to the English auxiliaries must, can, and may, which are well-documented in scientific literature. These models are considered polysemous words, with distinct semantic values and specific syntactic behaviors. However, they are all linked to the fundamental concepts of possibility and necessity, which are central to this study.

RESUME : Cet article cherche à explorer certains problèmes touchant, de près ou de loin, aux auxiliaires anglais must, can et may, qui sont, rappelons-le, particulièrement documentés dans le paysage scientifique. Ces modaux paradigmatiques sont souvent envisagés en tant que mots polysémiques. En effet, ils s’attribuent, dans leurs emplois énonciatifs, des valeurs sémantiques distinctes, en s’associant ainsi à des comportements syntaxiques spécifiques. Cependant, ces derniers modaux sont tous intrinsèquement liés à deux notions fondamentales : possibilité et nécessité. Ces points retiendront notre attention, dans ce travail.

Le système d’écriture de l’arabe dans le codage informatique : besoins et contraintes

Mahmoud Fawzi MAMMERI — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: The writing system of any language is encoded on computer in two main parts: one of which concerns alphabetical graphemes, the other, non-alphabetical graphemes (ponctuations and other typographical signs). The first part is always language specific (script). The second, given the universal character of non-alphabetical signs, is shared by all the scripts and languages of the world. This article discusses the needs of the Arabic writing system in relation to the coding of these two types of graphemes in digital systems and some of the constraints that guided its implementation in the Unicode standard. This work leads to a discussion of gaps in some aspects of this implementation and possible improvements.

RÉSUMÉ : Le système d’écriture de toute langue est codé sur ordinateur en deux grandes parties : une partie qui concerne les graphèmes alphabétiques et une autre qui concerne les graphèmes ponctuo-typographiques. La première partie est toujours spécifique à une langue (script). La seconde, étant donnée le caractère universel des signes ponctuo-typographiques, est partagée par l’ensemble des scripts et langues du monde. Cet article parle des besoins du système d’écriture de l’arabe par rapport au codage de ces deux types de graphèmes dans les systèmes numériques et de quelques unes des contraintes qui ont conditionnées son implémentation dans le standard Unicode. Ce travail nous mène à une discussion sur des lacunes concernant certains aspects de cette implémentation et les améliorations possibles.

L’impact des Technologies d’Information et de Communication Educative (TICE) comme moyen d’acquisition de la compétence lexico-sémantique. Cas des étudiants de 1ère année, licence de français, Université Moulay Tahar, Saida

Karima KIES, Soraya BELKHITER — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: This article focuses on the written production of first-year bachelor’s students in French, following the LMD system at Tahar Moulay University in Saida. Our goal is to contribute to improving students' writing by introducing New Information and Communication Technologies (NICT). To this end, we conducted a comparative study of two types of educational aids (printed texts vs. websites). Our aim is to measure the contribution of NICT in enhancing written production, particularly in terms of semantic and lexical enrichment.

RÉSUMÉ : Cet article s’intéresse à la production écrite des étudiants inscrits en première année licence de français système LMD à l’université de Saida “Tahar Moulay” .Notre objectif est de contribuer à l’amélioration des écrits en introduisant les Nouvelles Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication, (NTICE). A cet effet, nous avons tenté de mener une étude comparative des deux modes d’aides pédagogiques (les textes sur papier vs sites web). Notre but est de mesurer la contribution des NTICE dans l’amélioration de la production écrite et plus précisément au niveau de l’enrichissement sémantique et lexical.

Malek Bennabi (1905-1973) au XXIe siècle (une revue de littérature)

Saad FERAH — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: This study focuses on the scientific literature that was made around the Algerian thinker Malek Bennabi (1905–1973) at the beginning of the 21^st century. Its goal is to verify the authenticity of the so-called return of Bennabian thought on the academic and intellectual scene, as well as to gauge the level of interest in it among researchers around the world, particularly in Algeria, given the appearance of several unpublished works during the same time period. For this, an inventory has been undertaken, setting as a chronological framework the period from the year 2000 to 2022. By illustrating it with tables and graphic representations, the census of bibliographic data was carried out in several ways: the number and nationalities of researchers, the countries from which the work was published, the types of documents (books, theses, lectures, etc.), the categories of these works (sociology, economics, religion, etc.), as well as the languages in which they were expressed. The results of this study reveal a phenomenon of plurality, even cosmopolitanism, and a variable rate of publication over the years.

RÉSUMÉ : La présente étude s’intéresse à la littérature scientifique qui s’est faite autour du penseur algérien Malek Bennabi (1905-1973) en ce début du 21^e siècle. Son objectif est de vérifier l’authenticité du prétendu retour de la pensée bennabienne sur la scène académique et intellectuelle, ainsi que de mesurer le degré d’intérêt que les chercheurs lui portent à travers le monde, notamment en Algérie avec l’apparition de plusieurs inédits pendant cette même période. Pour cela, un état des lieux a été entrepris, en posant comme cadre chronologique la période qui va de l’an 2000 jusqu’à 2022. Le recensement des données bibliographiques, illustré par des tableaux et des représentations graphiques, s’est fait selon plusieurs plans : le nombre ainsi que les nationalités des chercheurs, les pays depuis lesquels les travaux ont été publiés, les types de documents (livres, thèses, conférences, etc.), les catégories de ces travaux (sociologie, économie, religion, etc.) ainsi que les langues dans lesquelles ils ont été exprimés. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent un phénomène de pluralité, voire de cosmopolitisme, et un taux de publication croissant au cours des années.

A propos de la terminologie de la musique d’imẓad

Dihia MERAKEB — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: This article first focuses on the terminology linked to the imẓad music, in the light of the ethnomusicology of the Berber domain. Its purpose is to make a description and a semantic study of a sample of terms. Our hypothesis focuses on the role of semantic extensions in the constitution of this musical terminology. To explain different changes, we adopted the method of lexical trope mechanisms, which dictate the ordering of the meaning. We ended up identifying two processes: metaphor end metonymy. The two processes refer to comparisons, formal and functional references linked to gestures and elements of the technological and artisanal space. By comparing the results obtained, it appeared of us that the metaphor and the metonymy play the role of internal resources of the Tamazight language, which a part of the terminology of the imẓad music is constructed.

RÉSUMÉ : Le présent article porte dans un premier temps sur une description de la terminologie liée à la musique d’imẓad, à la lumière de l’ethnomusicologie du domaine berbère. Et dans un second temps sur l’étude sémantique d’un échantillon de termes. Notre hypothèse s’accentue sur le rôle des extensions sémantiques dans la constitution de cette terminologie de musique. Pour arriver à expliquer les différents changements sémantiques dans notre corpus, nous avons adopté la méthode des mécanismes de tropes lexicaux qui dictent l’ordonnancement des significations d’un terme depuis le sens antérieur de celui-ci. Nous avons fini par dégager deux procédés : la métaphore et la métonymie. Ces deux procédés renvoient à des comparaisons, et à des références liées aux gestes et aux éléments de l’espace technologique et artisanal touareg. En confrontant les résultats obtenus, une fréquence élevée de l’extension sémantique est apparue, jouant le rôle d’un procédé d’enrichissement interne à la langue amazighe, et dont une part de la terminologie musicale d’imẓad est construite.

Assessing Attrition of Terms of Traditional Culture among Kara Young Adult Native Speakers in Tanzania

Mosi Masatu Mlibwa, Zelda Elisifa Sam — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study assesses attrition of native lexicon among Kara young adult native speakers in the context of intensive borrowing of Swahili-L2 vocabulary by focusing on extent, type of indigenous knowledge vulnerable to attrition and observed factors for attrition. The study is qualitative using case study design and purposive sampling through administering multiple performance tasks. It involves 30 participants in two age categories, collecting oral data that is first transcribed and then organised in thematic chunks for analysis. Descriptions are also essential for illustrations. The finding reveals attrition in a wide range of native lexicon. This attrition is not total erasure but rather inaccessible lexical memory. Arithmetic, finger names, wind types, local tools, artefacts, and disappeared objects are the most attriting aspects of indigenous knowledge compared to kinship terms, body parts and immediate objects and concepts relevant to contemporary use. Swahili has much influence on Kara-L1spakers leading to infrequent use of Kara terms for some objects and concepts. This study recommends more research on attrition in native environment especially in intense contact areas.

Formation and Semantic Behavior of Color Verbs in Algerian Arabic

Amel BELDJENNA, Soumia BEKADDOUR — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this paper, the formation of verbs of color in Algerian Arabic is analyzed morphologically, phonologically, syntactically, and semantically. Seven Algerian Arabic verbs of color were analyzed in terms of their verbal forms: ḥamira حمر ‘o be red; zariga زرق’to be blue’; safiraسفر ‘ to be yellow’; xaḍira خضر ‘to be green’ kahilaكحل ‘to be black’ bayiḍaبيض ‘to be white’ sawidaسود ‘to be dark’. The verbs and the color idioms were collected by the authors themselves. The analysis shows that only three forms out of the ten verb forms in Arabic can be derived from this verb class; Forms II, IV, and IX. Each of these three forms has two patterns: one for the perfect tense and one for the imperfect. The study also shows that the root-based approach is most adequate in analysing such verb classification because Form I does not semantically exist in the language and so cannot be used as an input for the derivation of the other forms. The study also scrutinizes the use of this verb class in idiomatic expressions and the data shows that color verbs are incorporated in two metaphorical keys: feeling is color and abstract concept metaphors. These metaphorical keys are culture-bound.

Toward The Application of Jokes and The Use of Joke Consultants in Health, Work Places, State Leaders’ Forums, And Educational Institutions in Africa

Godwin Aondofa IKYER — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

From the period of the 1990s onward, there has been the proliferation of jokes and joke performances in verbal, public, and media settings across Africa. This is not unconnected to the fermented democratic atmosphere and the gradual but steady entrenchment of democratic values and freedom away from the earlier dictatorial military regimes of time past. Jokes have transformed the public space of modern isolated existence and have emerged to review, even solve a horde of physical and mental problems in its enablement of laughter even in the taboo topics or disaster moments. Jokes’ position to illuminate the harsh realities of contemporary existence, galvanize, and transform the vulnerable is fortified in view of the enigmatic being of liberal democracy in Africa, the existential narratives of civil strife, the state actors’ poetics of abstraction, the presence of violence, crime, and the politics of exclusion that characterize modernity. This work, using Elliot Oring’s model of “appropriate incongruity,” interrogates the expanding relevance of jokes in multidisciplinary fields in Africa with a view to reducing physical and mental lassitude and creating an atmosphere for better wellness and more active approach to work and life generally. The work recommends the establishment of associations for applied jokes, and the formation of joke seminars, joke rooms/offices, comedy carts, and lectures in medical schools and elsewhere by governments, corporate organizations, educational and health institutions.

Bridging the Cultural Gap: The Importance of Context in Translating Religious Texts

Mahbouba BEKOUCHE, Haider A. KADIM ELSAID — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the complex interplay between meaning, translation, and interpretation, particularly when dealing with religious books such as the Quran. It contends that getting a fully accurate comprehension requires going beyond a literal translation of words. Careful consideration of the surrounding context, historical backdrop, and author's intended message is required. The investigation digs into several approaches to interpretation, including Western hermeneutics, which focuses on historical and cultural knowledge. It also looks at Islamic exegesis ("tafsir"), which focuses on the Quran's rich legacy of interpretation. The article emphasises the necessity of understanding cultural nuances and the ever-changing nature of language in guaranteeing efficient communication. The closing remarks emphasise that understanding these complexity is more than just an intellectual effort. Rather, it holds the key to promoting cross-cultural communication and connection throughout history. Recognising the delicate interplay between meaning, translation, and interpretation allows us to obtain a better grasp of not only sacred writings, but also the wide landscapes of human communication.

Empowering Educators with 21st Century Skills: Adopting English as a Means of Instruction in the Algerian Universities

Houda DJEBBARI — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In today's fast-paced and interconnected world, the need for effective instruction tools and communication skills has become more critical than ever before. As a result, teachers are increasingly required to teach using English to all ages and backgrounds. 21st century education is characterized by upgrading and updating teaching practices and incorporating modern methods to cope with the current generation. Indeed, there is an increasing demand for individuals to possess a range of technological, interpersonal, soft skills and critical thinking skills. To meet this demand, it is important for educators to not only teach English but also equip themselves and their students with the 21st century skills necessary to succeed in today's rapidly changing world. This paper proposes an exploration of the intersection between teaching English to teachers and meeting 21st century skills. It will examine the challenges and opportunities involved in teaching English to educators in the Algerian universities and explore effective strategies for developing the skills necessary to thrive in the 21st century. Ultimately, this research aims to provide insights and practical advice for educators who seek to enhance their own language proficiency and empower their students to succeed in the 21st century.

Authentic Materials in the Foreign Language Classroom: Teachers and Students’ Attitudes and Dispositions

Salima SOLTANI, Dalila BRAKNI — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

It is quite common that the non-authentic frameworks where foreign language teachers could find themselves faced by manufactured pedagogical materials in foreign language classrooms, may seem artificial and unrealistic to both teachers and students, questioning whether learners are being prepared appropriately for communicative real life contexts in the modern time societies. The present study, then, represents a small-scale attempt to explore teachers and students’ attitudes and dispositions towards the use of authentic materials in the Algerian University. To this end, 87 first year LMD students as well as 06 EFL teachers from the English Department at Blida 2 University took part in the study. The findings from semi-structured interviews, surveys, and class observation, showed that nearly most participant teachers and students welcomed the idea of using less contrived and more realistic materials in the foreign language classes. In addition, both EFL teachers and students hold positive attitudes towards the valuable language opportunities that authentic materials could offer to meet the realness of the real world outside the foreign language class, which would positively affect the students’ foreign language skill

The Academic Procrastination levels as Predictors of Master Two Students Discrepant Achievements

Naouel BOUCHAREB — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Procrastination is one of the serious phenomena observed among learners; it is the habit of putting off their assignments until the last moment of deadline. This behaviour also includes master 2 students during writing their research projects at the end of the academic year; which is noticed to create different outcomes in their results. The objective of this paper is to search what results can levels of procrastination have on academic success for master 2 students at Constantine 1 University. We hypothesize that master 2 students who procrastinate and who do not procrastinate attain different grades in their vivas. We have used a qualitative method to assess the validity of our hypothesis; we conducted a correlation study between the scores obtained from the learners’ procrastination questionnaire, and the scores obtained from learners’ dissertation writing test to study the sum of (r). The procrastination questionnaire aims to divide learners into two sub groups according to their level of procrastination, namely high procrastinators and low procrastinators. Those two sub samples with different measured levels of procrastination are, then, given a test which is a dissertation to write, after that we calculated the coefficient correlation between the two variables. The results show that learners who submit their dissertations very late have the lowest grades, which is not the case for students with low level of procrastination.

The Intercultural Dimension of EFL in the Algerian Middle School

Wahid Hamza Mohamed CHAMI — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of intercultural competence in English as Foreign Language (EFL) settings in Algeria. The author argues that there is an increasing demand for the integration of culture in EFL and that this integration must encompass both the big "C" and small "c" aspects of culture, as well as the source and target cultures. The article examines the Algerian curriculum and the practices of teachers about intercultural competence trying to find a room for improvement. The article also provides a detailed analysis of the place of culture in Algerian English textbooks, highlighting the importance of incorporating cultural content in language learning materials. Overall, this article makes a compelling case for the integration of intercultural competence in EFL settings in Algeria and provides significant insights into the eventual challenges for culture instruction in EFL context.

Competing Discourses of Gender and Power Relations: Complexities and Ambiguities in the Algerian Architecture Classroom

Amina BABOU — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of this investigation is to unveil male dominance assumptions and discourses of gender differentiations in the architecture classroom, in light of the possibilities for resistance and reinterpretation of the social practices. Adopting Feminist poststructuralist discourse analysis (FPDA), this study falls broadly into attempt to unveil the complex network of power relations and the role of gender stereotypes in the architecture classroom at the University of Hassiba Benbouali (Chlef). FPDA perspective views that individuals are seldom consistently positioned as powerful across all discourses within a given community of practice. My survey is based on FPDA which provides space for female students’ voices, which have been marginalized or silenced by discursive practices in the architecture classroom. This paper exhibits the complexities and the ambiguities of female experiences, giving space to female voices that were being silenced or marginalized by dominant discourses in the architecture classroom. I have identified five significant discourses in the architecture classroom and the findings report that students (both males and females) are simultaneously positioned as relatively powerless within certain discourses and as relatively powerful in others.

A Scrupulous Demonstration of The Prominence of Language and Culture Entices Language Instructors

Sarra BOUTOUIL — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

It is quite customary that the longing for learning new languages with which one can communicate and be integrated with has enormously invaded everybody’s sphere of cravings. Notwithstanding, multiculturalism does inevitably permit the presence of a manifest interaction between cultures of the people of divergent parts. There are sundry ways to learn a language; the recent one is through videos from the Net. It is practical albeit very ineffective concerning cross-cultural dialogue (and implied meaning). Thus, it seems excessively trite. The aim of this work is to elucidate the idea that a language of a particular parish represents its culture. Therefore, it is vital to know its culture. This paper highlights the fact that the arenas of teaching foreign languages, translation and business have to be acquainted with the pivotal correlation between language and culture. One needs to possess a relatively real vivid image about the county’s backdrop. This cannot be present unless teaching a foreign language fosters the deepened study of the cultural side of the area. The new foreign language teaching tendencies in schools lack the cultural touch. That is why some learners learn the words of the language but they do not know what they connote.

Unveiling Respondents’ Collaboration in Online Questionnaire Responses

Ahlem CHELGHOUM — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In research, data collection and analysis are a challenging and stressful task. Researchers work hard to come up with reliable and accurate results using various tools. In the era of digital research methodologies, technology has offered a huge number of research instruments that facilitate the process of conducting quantitative studies. Online questionnaire, for instance, is one of the most popular data collection tools used in research, especially in the field of humanities. It has many advantages such as providing quick responses, being easily used, cost effective, and time saving. It can be used with large populations despite time and distance. However, the problem is that many researchers encounter problems in gathering data as some respondents ignore filling in the questionnaires. The majority of researchers share their online questionnaires on social media or through professional emails, where a large community of informants exists and fits many requirements. Nevertheless, the frequency of responses sometimes is not satisfying, which hinders the researchers’ study and analysis. Therefore, they end up using fewer representative samples or use other research instruments as a backup. The current paper attempts to delve deeper in this area and examine the possible reasons of the informants’ reluctance to fill in online questionnaires by means of an interview, as the most appropriate research tool in this context. In other terms, understanding the collaborative nature of respondent engagement in online questionnaires is paramount to uncover the factors influencing their willingness to collaborate. This paper also aims to suggest some recommendations to create good online questionnaires in order to raise the frequency of responses and enhance the effectiveness and validity of online questionnaire studies.

China Men by Maxine Hong Kingston: An Evocation of Chinese Males’ Identity (Re)construction

Konan Joachim Arnaud KOUAKOU, Kossa Innocent OWOLABI — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article focuses on Maxine Hong Kingston’s semi-autobiographical novel China Men, a poignant portrayal of the experiences of Chinese immigrants in the United States. Its aim is twofold. The first is to show that social problems such as colonialism, racial discrimination and prejudice based on ethnicity and ethnicity and gender are sources of identity crisis. Drawing on postcolonial criticism, particularly the concepts of cultural hybridity and third space, this study examines how the Chinese in the novel negotiate or (re)construct their identity in a complex cultural and social context. This theory is employed to achieve the second objective, which is to reveal that the characters’ negotiation of their hybrid masculinity and their resistance to oppression contributes to their emancipation, while reconnecting with their cultural roots cultural roots helps them to reconcile this hybrid identity and develop a stronger sense of self.

The Interplay of Botany and Identity in John Steinbeck’s Of Mice And Men

Soumaya BOUACIDA, Asma Maroua KHODJA, Roumeissa DERGAOUI — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper seeks to draw parallels between the botanical characteristics of certain trees and plants mentioned in John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men—notably the willow, sycamore, alfalfa, and weeds—and the identities of characters such as Lennie, George, Slim, and Curley’s wife. First, the willow symbolizes the grief and harsh working conditions endured by the ranch hands, as its leaves are bitter. Additionally, the willow may evoke the destruction of Willows, California, by dust storms during the Great Depression, reinforcing themes of loss. Second, alfalfa represents the ranch hands’ hope for a prosperous life, as it is a flowering plant with vibrant purple leaves, suggesting vitality and growth. Third, the California sycamore, known for its hard-to-split timber, symbolizes the unity among the ranchers and the tough, bleak atmosphere within the ranch. Finally, the term “weed” refers to an unwanted plant, reflecting the sense of undesirability that follows George and Lennie wherever they go. Weed also symbolizes the various disruptions faced by the ranch hands, as it is as noxious and troublesome as Curley’s wife who frequently causes problems, especially for George and Lennie.

Self-Disintegration in The Modern World: Freeing the Fragmented Self in The Works of Lawrence and Erich Fromm

Amina BENLAKDAR — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

21^st century individuals, in the overly industrialized civilization, have been molded by a generality of what an average man should be. What he should have, how he should act and what kind of relationships he should form with other fellow men. Yet, he still believes his freedom intact. This paper, aims to study how industrialism from the modernist age as depicted in D.H Lawrence’s fiction and non-fiction, has progressed further into enclosing the individual inside a materialist cage labeled as “freedom” turning him into an automaton, one copy of the rest, enmeshing his individuality and spontaneity as an original being, capable of creative achievements, causing his self to disintegrate into different neurotic forms of love and coping. as well as the social psychologist Erich Fromm’s empirical analysis of this disintegration in our contemporary society, which has progressed further since the modernist age. Thus, this paper adopts a psychoanalytical and socio-cultural approach based on Erich Fromm’s theories of love and disintegration to analyse D.H Lawrence’s characters in “The Rainbow” and examine his prophetic insights in relation to the disintegration of the individual in our contemporary society.

Pragmatism and Neopragmatism’s Impact on American Politics: A Brief Overview of Their Historical Progression and Fundamental Principles

Adnane YOUSFI, Noureddine MOUHADJER — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Pragmatism, an American philosophy that gained enormous fame in the late 19th century, influenced several aspects of American life. Classical pragmatists, namely Charles Sanders Pierce, William James, and John Dewey, discussed various topics in their writings. After pragmatism lost its influence, there were some attempts by neopragmatists to revive it, especially by Richard Rorty. The problem lies in the widespread disregard and misunderstanding of pragmatism. Some classical pragmatists, as well as neopragmatists, explicitly and implicitly discussed politics. Despite the enormous research on pragmatism, there is little literature concerning the relationship between pragmatism as a philosophy and politics. This paper aims to provide a brief history of the philosophy of pragmatism and its influence on American politics. We use a combination of quantitative, qualitative, analytical, and exploratory methods to uncover the influence of pragmatism as a philosophy on American politics. The study found that pragmatism influenced and perhaps still influences American politics, such as liberalism, to a large extent. We encourage further research on this topic.

Man as Axe in Black South African Society: Contextualising Masculinity and Radical Feminism in Tyelele’s Shwele Bawo!

Olabisi Bukola Ogunmodede, Olumide Olugbemi-Gabriel — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

South African society, like other patriarchal societies, upholds a gender structure that places the man at the apex of the patriarchal ladder but denigrates women to the subordinate lower rung of the ladder. Gender-sensitive female writers have risen to challenge the multifaceted gender oppression prevalent in the South African patriarchal order. In Motshabi Tyelele’s play, Shwele Bawo! (Grave Injustice!), the worth of men is privileged by the metaphor of an axe, which is a tool women need (to borrow) to stand a chance at survival. The text identifies the centrality of masculinity to gender-based violence and casts men as sexual maniacs that should be eliminated to free women from oppression. Tyelele’s text is selected through purposive sampling based on its portrayal of gender relations in South African society. From the prisms of Black masculinity and radical feminism, this paper accentuates the tropes of manliness, and entitled masculinity as well as the attitude of women to those tropes, within the context of South African patriarchy. This paper concludes that in Shwele Bawo, the author inverts the image of the man to a beast to unsettle the privileged position of masculinity in the Bantu cultural system of South Africa.

Perils of Gender Transition on Populations and Governments: Ramifications on the Truncation of Human Lineage “A Prospective Analytical Study”

Zakaria GHOBRINI — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This groundbreaking study delves into the intricate tapestry of demographic and social challenges precipitated by the burgeoning phenomenon of gender transition. It aspires to equip governments and societies with the foresight necessary for long-term strategic planning, while simultaneously fostering a profound ethical discourse on the interplay between gender identity, reproductive rights, and the continuity of human lineage, In cognizance of this profound gravity and the concomitant ethical imperative, the researcher's conceptualization of the subject matter was crystallized.

Employing a multifaceted methodology, the research harnesses the power of sequential exploratory design, rigorous systematic literature review, and sophisticated statistical modeling. Its originality stems from a holistic analysis that seamlessly integrates biological, psychological, social, religious, and demographic dimensions within a cohesive framework.

The findings unequivocally underscore the imperative for comprehensive policies to mitigate the far-reaching impacts of gender transition. The study illuminates the grave societal repercussions stemming from the psychological deterioration often accompanying transition, including elevated suicide rates. It quantifies the economic burden, revealing a 12% surge in healthcare expenditures and a 7% escalation in social welfare costs.

Projections extrapolated from current trends portend a potential existential threat to societal vitality and continuity, raising the specter of human lineage extinction. This research provides an invaluable knowledge base for policymakers, offering innovative methodologies and insights crucial for addressing this complex phenomenon.

The multidimensional nature of the study's impact accentuates the necessity for a holistic, interdisciplinary approach in confronting the myriad challenges posed by escalating gender transition rates in contemporary society.

Ismidgen n tmaziɣt di taɛrabt ddarǧa n temnaḍt n Lexḍariyya

Ibrahim DJABER, Moussa IMARAZENE — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: Linguistic friction is a characteristic of all multilingualsocieties, leading to mutual influence betweenlanguages. The friction betweenArabic and Amazigh led to thismutual influence betweenthem. However, the influence of the Arabic language on Tamazight has causedseveral changes that are manifestedatdifferentlevelsespecially the structure of words. This iswhatwewilldiscuss in this article "Amazigh Place Names in Arabic Colloquial in Lakhdaria". Although the inhabitants of this area use colloquial Arabic, the influence of the Amazigh languageremained in many areas, includingtoponymy. The villages and towns of thisregion, dividedinto six municipalities, have preservedmany of the names of places called Amazigh, but some of thesenames have changedtheir structure. Throughoutthis article, wewilladdress the issue of Amazigh place namescirculating in colloquial Arabic in the daira of Lakhdaria, in order to show the existence of the Amazigh pillar in colloquial Arabicwhilehighlighting the changes that have occurred in the structure of thesenames. In order to reach the desired goal, we have adoptedseveralapproaches, mostnotably the descriptive approach, whichwasadopted in identifying the most important theoretical concepts on which the article wasbased, while on the practicalside, weadopted the historicalapproach, whereweproved the Amazigh origin of the places’ namescirculating in colloquial Arabic, and wealsoadopted the comparative approach, whereweanalyzed the structure of Amazigh namescirculating in colloquial Arabic and comparedthemwiththeir original structure circulating in Amazigh as well as clarifying the changes occurring to them.

AGZUL: Anermis gar taɛrabt d tmaziɣt yegla-d s umyezrer gar-asent, meḥsub yal yiwet tzerrer ɣef tayeḍ. Maca azerrer n taɛrabt ɣef tmaziɣt yegla-d s waṭas n yibeddilen i d-yettbinen deg waṭas n yiswiren ladɣa talɣa n wawalen. Ӷas tamnaḍt n Lexḍariyya tesseqdac taɛrabt, maca yeqqim-d deg-s later n tmaziɣt deg waṭas n taɣulin ladɣa tismidegt. Tamnaḍt-a, deg-s aṭas n yismidgen i yettusemman s tmaziɣt, maca kra deg-sen tbeddel talɣa-nsen. Di leqdic-a, ad d-nawi awal ɣef yismidgen n tmaziɣt i yettuseqdacen sɣur yimsiwal n taɛrabt ddarǧa n temnaḍt n Lexḍariyya. Yes-s (s leqdic-a), nra ad d-nesken tilin n later n tmaziɣt di taɛrabt ddarǧa n temnaḍt-a, yerna ad nezrew ibeddilen i d-yettḥazen talɣa n yismidgen-nni. Iwakken ad naweḍ ɣer yiswi i d-nebder, nezwar-d s yiferdisen n teẓri iɣef yebna leqdic-a, syin akin nɛedda ɣer uglam n talɣa n yismidgen s userwes-nsen ɣer talɣiwin tinasliyin yellan di tmaziɣt akken ad d-binen yibeddilen i d-yellan fell-asen.

Ismideg awessar

Selim MOUSSAOUI — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: Berber Onomastics is a field which is considered as a “Language Maintainer”. It strongly contributes to the construction of the newly developed language. By bringing meaningful nouns, that can take part in the archaïque lexis of the language. Despite the survival of the ancient form, these nouns can reappear having the same meaning as the old one or bring totally different meaning and context. Consequently, there is a strong relationship between the proper noun and the archaism, since most proper nouns, particularly typonyms, are archaic nouns, named long time ago. Then in the nick of time they lost their original meaning due to several resons, amongst them, the migration of the original populations from these places engendering the forgetfulness because of the non-use.

AGZUL: Tasnisemt* tamaziɣt d yiwet n taɣult i isseḥbibiren ɣef tutlayt, imi d yiwen gar yiswiren igejdanen deg lebni n tutlayt, ladɣa deg wayen yerzan tutlayin i yettwaxdamen taggara-a. Yezmer yisem amaẓlay* ad yettwasemres deg umawal aqbur n tutlayt, ama s unamek-is aqbur, ama s unamek amaynut, ma d talɣa-ines ur tettbeddil ara. Ihi yella wassaɣ gar yisem amaẓlay d wawal awessar (aqbur), imi tuget n yismawen imaẓlayen, ladɣa ismidgen, d ismawen iqburen, fkan-asen isem zik (imezdaɣ imezwura), yedda lweqt, iru ḥula d anamek-is, annect-a yettuɣal ɣef waṭas n tmental, gar-asent ; tarewla n yimezdaɣ inasliyen n yidgan-a ɣer temdinin d lɣerba, s wakka ttuɣalen yismawen n yidgan-a war asemres, war anamek.

Zwischen den Muttersprachen und den Fremdsprachen in der alltäglichen Kommunikation in Algerien am Beispiel die Stadt (Oran)

Ahmed BENOUDDANE — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: Between Mother Tongues and Foreign Languages in Everyday Communication in Algeria, linguistic pluralism emerges in daily interactions. For example, the city of Oran exhibits significant linguistic pluralism for various reasons, including colonial influences such as French and even Spanish, its coastal geographical location, and the phenomenon of immigration, which introduced multiple foreign languages and integrated them into the daily communication of its citizens. The research focus of this topic revolves around the words and terms used in the everyday communication of Oran's citizens, whether in the market, on the street, or at the university among students of the German language.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Zwischen den Muttersprachen und den Fremdsprachen in der alltäglichen Kommunikation in Algerien finden wir im täglichen Kontakt sprachlichen Pluralismus. Zum Beispiel ist die Stadt Oran aus mehreren Gründen voll von großem sprachlichen Pluralismus, darunter der Kolonialismus, ob Französisch oder sogar Spanisch, ihre geografische Lage an der Küste und auch das Phänomen der Einwanderung, das zur Einführung mehrerer Fremdsprachen führte und ihre Verschmelzung mit der täglichen Kommunikation des Bürgers. Das Forschungsfeld dieses Themas dreht sich um die Wörter und Begriffe, die in der täglichen Kommunikation der Bürger in der Stadt Oran benutzt werden, sei es auf dem Markt, auf der Straße oder an der Universität unter Studierenden der deutschen Sprache.

Los méritos de la invocación en el Corán y su traducción al español

Yamina HAMDANI — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT: The present research aims at gathering the main verses of Al Quran that relate invocations and its merits in Islam, by translating them to Spanish language, for the Hispanic community readers, essentially by highlighting the importance of Duaa and invocating Allah among Muslims. The recompilation was taken from the book of Nasir Eddine Alalbany, and the translation of the verses taken from el coran y sus sentidos traducido por Abdelghani Melara Navio, it shows difficulties in understanding the religious meanings, especially by Tafsir, and transferring those meaning to Spanish readers is a challenge both to keep the right meaning and reflecting islam religion.

RESUMEN: La presente investigación tiene como objetivo recopilar los principales versos del Coran que tratan las invocaciones y sus méritos en el Islam, traduciéndolos al idioma español, para los lectores de la comunidad hispana, fundamentalmente destacando la importancia de Duaa e invocando a Allah entre los musulmanes. La compilación fue tomada del libro de Nasir Eddine Alalbany, y la traducción de los versos tomados del Corán y sus sentidos traducidos por Abdelghani Melara Navio, muestra dificultades para comprender los significados religiosos, especialmente por Tafsir, y trasladar esos significados a los lectores españoles queda un desafío tanto para mantener el significado correcto como para reflejar la religión del Islam.

French Orientalist Ideology in The Translation of The Holy Qur'an The Case of Régis Blachère’s Translation

Asma SLIMANI — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Since the revelation, the Holy Qur'an has been the focus of concern for thinkers of all races and creeds who, in addition to studying and examining it, translated it into their languages in their own way and according to various methods. The French Orientalists, themselves, devoted themselves body and soul, like their equals throughout the world, to studying and translating the last sacred book according to their ideological standards. Thus, they became prolific, and Régis Blachère is first and foremost with his translation entitled: The Qur'an, al-Qur'an (1966). In fact, this study aims to analyze and compare the French version of the Holy Qur'an by this translator with the original, which leads to an orientalist tendency that Jean-René Ladmiral (2014) calls: Ultra-ciblism, which manifests itself repeatedly and at several levels, classified by Mohammed Farghal (2015) in the category of ideological adaptation

The Translation of " The Russian Biography of Emir Abdelkader from The Desert to The State" Between Acculturation and Localization of Knowledge

Mohamed Rachid Miloud — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper deals with the process of a whole year in our translation of one of the greatest biographies that was written about Emir Abdelkader. The scope of the research is limited to the above-mentioned book, where we seek to correct some mistakes that the translator may make when encountering some terms of religious, cultural and historical background in the context of their use, the research also aims to highlight the relationship between Acculturation and the localization of knowledge in translation, which requires avoiding the use of wrong phrases when the text is subject to a specific time and space. This is why the research consists of four axes (introducing the book; the importance of its translation; the difficulties of its translation and ways to avoid them; the book between Acculturation and the localization of knowledge).

Rhetorical Thinking Among Arabs-Ancient and Modern

Hadjer BELKHIRI — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Every science has a beginning and an end, between them there is development and prosperity, and in many cases the thought stops on a matter, which is the case of the Arabic rhetoric that has entered the stage of darkness and stood for centuries to ruminate on what it has reached, The scholars continued to explain and summarize the work of the knife, which was considered by some scholars the first reason for the rigidity of rhetoric and its transformation into dry logical rules, Until Al-Faraj came to her at the hands of the modernists, who dug into their heritage trying to explore its hidden potentials with approaches that combined tradition and modernity without compromising it, so some of them went to read the rhetorical heritage according to traditional contextual approaches, such as Shawqi Daif, Abdul Aziz Atiq and others, Others followed the reading of rhetorical heritage according to modern methodological approaches, as did Hammadi Samoud, Duration of life, Meddi Abdul Muttalib and others. Their reading was a combination between originality and contemporary, taking into account the principles that fit with their heritage and identity, trying to show the intersection of Arabic rhetoric and modern studies, so how was that?