علم الكلام الإباضي ببلاد المغرب الإسلامي حتى نهاية القرن السادس هجري رسالة الإمام الرستمي أبو اليقظان محمد بن أفلح(240 283ه/854 896م) في خلق القرآن نموذجا

Abstract

Following the Islamic conquests, the Islamic Maghreb witnessed the influx of various doctrinal and intellectual currents originating in the East. This occurred either through the efforts of proponents of these schools or through the journeys of Maghrebi scholars to the East in pursuit of knowledge. Consequently, the Islamic Maghreb became a vibrant center of diverse intellectual currents, including the Mu'tazilites, Ash'arites, Shi'ites, and Ibadis. The Ibadis were particularly interested in theology (Kalam), and unlike the Malikis, they did not condemn those who engaged in it. On the contrary, they encouraged it, praised its practitioners, and considered it the domain of the elite. The study of Kalam was the culmination of their academic journey, reflecting the high level of those who mastered its methods. This competition was further fueled by internal Ibadi divisions and the ongoing debates between the Ibadi sect and its parent group, the Wahhabis. This resulted in a history of debate and controversy within the Ibadi school in the Islamic Maghreb, as the fragmentation of the Ibadi movement into internal factions contributed to the development of Ibadi doctrine by imbuing its fundamental tenets with a theological dimension.