المدينة والحضارة في فكر ابن خلدون ومالك بن نبي

Abstract

The Arab thinker and philosopher Ibn Khaldun is considered one of the most important philosophers of the Middle Ages. In his Muqaddimah (Introduction), he presented numerous ideas, the essence of which is that the city, according to his thought, is a social system, a logical architecture formulated within a legal framework using a rational approach. He also linked the city to the development of civilization, considering it a symbol of civilization. He summarized these ideas in their general form through two fundamental concepts: human civilization and social cohesion. The contemporary Arab thinker Malek Bennabi followed in his footsteps, presenting many epistemological ideas formulated within a broad framework entitled "Problems of Civilization." Among his most important ideas are historical movement and the three worlds (the world of things, the world of people, and the world of ideas). This research paper aims to refute their ideas and analyses of the concepts of the city and civilization.