مكانة الانطولوجيا التاريخية في الفلسفة الكانطية

Abstract

This article investigates the concept of "Historical Ontology" through Michel Foucault's critical reading of Immanuel Kant's philosophy. The author demonstrates that Foucault’s engagement with Kantian thought was not incidental, but spanned his entire intellectual career—from his early translation and introduction to Kant's Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View to his late essays on What is Enlightenment? (Was ist Aufklärung?).

The study traces how Foucault reinterprets Kantian critique, shifting from a rejection of traditional anthropological foundations toward formulating an "ontology of the present" or a "historical ontology of ourselves". The paper concludes that Foucauldian historical ontology moves beyond searching for universal, transcendental conditions of knowledge, serving instead as a practical and historical critique of the limits, power dynamics, and discourses that shape human subjectivity in contemporary society