L’erreur, Le Concept, Le Vivant Georges Canguilhem Dans Le Moment Philosophique Français De La Seconde Moitié Du Vingtième Siècle

Abstract

This article  explores the pivotal role and intellectual legacy of Georges Canguilhem within the "French philosophical moment" of the second half of the twentieth century. By examining the core concepts of life, error, and the concept, the author demonstrates how Canguilhem established an epistemology of biology and medicine that views the living organism not as a mere mechanical mechanism, but as an active, norm-creating entity inherently prone to error.

The study highlights Canguilhem's profound influence on major contemporary figures such as Michel Foucault, Louis Althusser, Gilles Deleuze, and Alain Badiou. Emphasizing the primacy of the concept and a discontinuous history of science, the paper illustrates how Canguilhem reframed scientific rationality, biological normativity, and human subjectivity at the intersection of philosophy, medicine, and political thought.