جدلية الصراع والسلام في العلاقات الدولية (بين التفسير النظري والتفاعلات الدولية)

Abstract

The entanglement and overlap of national interests in contemporary international relations has led to increased interdependence and cooperation among nations in numerous fields, including economic ties, alliances for security and defense, and technical, scientific, and technological collaboration. Furthermore, international relations are characterized by conflict over resources such as oil, water, and rare earth elements, as well as struggles for control of trade routes and ports, and ethnic, religious, and ideological conflicts.