This second issue of Al-Tadween journal comes rich with articles of diverse perspectives, built in their entirety around a single central axis to which all contributions converge: the concept of Otherness (Alterity).

The issue opens with an article by our late colleague and friend, Professor Ataullah Zarkane (may God rest his soul)—former head of the Scientific Council of the Institute of Philosophy at the University of Oran—who devoted his scientific life to the horizon of Tawhid. The articles that follow, notably that of Professor Mohamed Djididi on solitude, serve as a complement to the problem of Otherness. In this regard, it aligns with the article by Maria Soares from the University of Montreal, Argentina, who addresses one of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's most pivotal texts, Émile, to discuss two key issues:

1. The Migration of Texts: A distinct form of reception whose significance in terms of impact has rarely been recognized, yet today possesses established theories within reception analysis and discourse analysis. This intersects with the article by Professor Mustapha Belboula, who examines the problem of language in Leibniz's philosophy as he sought a universal language capable of carrying the meanings of existence. Within this same framework, we can place Professor Nawal Bouferah's article on human language.

2. Identity and the Other: The second issue finds its central applications in subsequent articles, particularly that of Professor Mebarka Belhassen, which tackles one of the paramount questions regarding gender: identity—understood as that consciousness attained through knowing the Other and knowing ourselves. In a similar vein, Professor Abdelhakim Salim presents a deeply enriching contribution on masculinity. He highlights one of the most prominent female philosophy professors in the Arab world who made significant contributions to establishing the foundations of philosophical research through authoring and introducing works—Professor Amira Helmy Matar—focusing particularly on her writings and translations of Plato's Dialogues and aesthetics. The aim is not merely to chronicle her name, but to use her work as a departure point for establishing communication within gender.

Not far from this problematic, Professor Christoph Wulf from Germany addresses the concepts of image, the imaginary, and the role of imagination as tools for communication amidst intercultural dialogue or the dialogue of civilizations.

The subject of the image re-emerges in two other articles:

• The first, by Professor Sabiha Kaim, examines the issue of Hauqala (informal/illegal migration) through field analysis. At a theoretical level, the phenomenon of Harraga remains tied to the imaginative image that the mind constructs regarding destination countries.

• The second, by Professor Mokhtar Meroufel, reviews a selection of scholars who have analyzed and studied societies along the southern shore of the Mediterranean.

Additionally, researcher Mansour Knenir opens another perspective on the concept of war through his article analyzing new concepts and paradigms of warfare. These topics remain broadly present as a field of research among doctoral students in the social sciences and humanities. Two models were selected:

• The first by researcher Khadidja Binkhir, under the supervision of Professor Mounir Behadi, on the image of war in the thought of Emir Abdelkader, presenting a novel conception of war—that of "itinerant warfare."

• The second by researcher Asmaa Belaidi, supervised by Professor Hussein Safiane, raising the problematics of language transfer to and from the source language, alongside translation teaching methodologies.

This entire framework is further enriched by an interview conducted with the philosopher Françoise Dastur, whose responses address various issues that closely align with the core themes of this issue. Readers will readily perceive this harmony as they engage with the second section of Al-Tadween.

Ultimately, we have no doubt that the sole true token of success remains the convergence of diverse pens and varied viewpoints that enrich this work with their articles, studies, and even their critiques.