Les mots d’emprunt d’origine Espagnole dans le parler Oranais Loanwords of Spanish Origin in the Oranese Dialect

Abstract

ABSTRACT: The speech spoken in Oran shows a remarkable number of Spanish borrowings due to its strong contact with Spanish population along the centuries. This contact initially took place in 903, when the first Andalusians reached the Oran coast. After that, this Algerian city received in 1492 the Hispano- Muslim refugees and Sephardic Jews who were exiled from Al-Andalus, and a second expulsions wave in 1609. But, maybe, the Spanish occupation between 1509 and 1791 along with the development of a lingua franca used by sailors in the Mediterranean basin between XV-XVIII centuries were the most influential events on the Oran vernacular language. The contact remained with the new refugees and exiles arrival due to Spanish Civil war (1936-1939). Nowadays, the link between both Spanish and Algerian people is even strong and these borrowings, which include different fields, are fully integrated into the familiar and formal levels of the speech of both the young and old generations. This paper aims to make an analysis of the phonetic, morphological and semantic changes of many borrowings of Spanish origin presents today in the Oran speech as well as their classification and usages.

RÉSUMÉ: Suite à l’arrivée à Oran des premiers Andalous en 903, aux deux grandes vagues de réfugiés hispano-musulmans et juifs séfarades en 1492 et en 1609, à l’occupation espagnole dès 1509 jusqu’à 1791, à la nouvelle arrivée des exilés et refugiés après la Guerre Civile espagnole (qui finit en 1939), et compte tenu de la naissance de la lingua franca partagée entre les marins et commerçants méditerranéens entre les siècles XV-XVIII, on peut de nos jours trouver de mots d’emprunt d’origine espagnol dans les différents registres du parler oranais. Ces mots tiennent sa place autant chez les jeunes que chez les usagers âgés, étant donné par ailleurs que le contact entre les deux peuples reste aujourd’hui encore vivant. Leurs usages et leurs changements phonétiques, morphologiques et sémantiques, qui méritent des recherches plus approfondies, sont l’objet de cette modeste étude.