La figure féminine dans Madame Bovary de Gustave Flaubert The Female Figure in Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary
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Abstract
ABSTRACT: This paper aims to depict, in the light of Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary, the French female figure under the Second Empire. At first sight, the study shows the woman as a malevolent being who is satisfied with what is inessential and who wallows in a sort of immanence. Bound to be a spouse and a housewife, she has no legal existence, no real identity but is recognized through her husband, her history merging with his. All this gives her the status as an object-figure or an “objectal” figure. In this regard, the female figure, as apprehended, appears as a shadow. But this shadow figure, represented in the Flaubertian novel, reversely imposes a desire to escape where the opposite figure, the athlete, the subject figure of a word which, transformed by a desire for freedom, for emancipation, tries to escape the grip of macho ideology.
RÉSUMÉ : Cet article se propose de dépeindre, à l’aune de Madame Bovary de Gustave Flaubert, la Figure de la femme française sous le Second Empire. De prime abord, l’étude présente la femme comme un être malveillant qui se complait dans l’inessentiel et qui se vautre dans une espèce d’immanence. Vouée à la condition d’épouse et de mère au foyer, elle n’a d’existence légale, d’identité réelle, du moins d’identité reconnue que par son mari, son histoire se confondant avec la sienne. Tout ceci lui vaut le statut de Figure-objet ou de Figure « objetale ». À cet égard, la Figure féminine, telle qu’appréhendée, est de l’ordre de l’ombre. Mais, cette Figure de l’ombre, qui se révèle ainsi dans le roman flaubertien, impose en contre-point un désir d’échappement où se manifeste la Figure inverse, athlète, la Figure sujet, d’un mot, qui mue par un désir de liberté, d’émancipation, tente d’échapper à l’emprise de l’idéologie machiste.
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