Émergence d’un genre littéraire. La poésie subsaharienne de langue française des lendemains de la Seconde Guerre mondiale aux indépendances Emergence of a Literary Genre:French-Language Sub-Saharan Poetry from The Aftermath of the Second World War to Independence
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Abstract
ABSTRACT: Poetry emerged in the late 1940s in sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar as a literary genre consecrated by anthologies highlighting the quality of authors and their works. If the figure of the Senegalese poet Leopold Sédar Senghor, one of the founders of the Negritude movement, was essential and decisive, pioneers of the genre, like the Senegalese Birago Diop, the Malagasy Rabearivelo, Rabemananjara and Rainovo, were able to fix culturalist and heritage inspirations. This inaugural poetry was not always attuned to reality, precisely to the colonial situation, sometimes marking a break with present history. A new generation arose in the 1950s, renewing poetic writing and its political orientation. The poetic itineraries and anti-colonial commitments of the Senegalese David Diop, the Cameroonian Ruben Um Nyobé and the Guinean Keita Fodéba introduce an evolution of the genre, both stylistically and thematically.
RÉSUMÉ : La poésie émerge, vers la fin des années 1940, en Afrique subsaharienne et à Madagascar comme un genre littéraire consacré par des anthologies mettant en évidence la qualité des auteurs et de leurs œuvres. Si la figure du poète sénégalais Léopold Sédar Senghor, un des fondateurs du mouvement de la Négritude, fut essentielle et déterminante, des pionniers du genre, à l’instar du Sénégalais Birago Diop, des Malgaches Rabearivelo, Rabemananjara et Rainovo, ont pu en fixer des inspirations culturalistes et patrimoniales. Cette poésie inaugurale ne fut pas toujours accordée au réel, précisément à la situation coloniale, marquant parfois une rupture d’avec l’Histoire présente. Une nouvelle génération se lève dans les années 1950, renouvelant l’écriture poétique et son orientation politique. Les itinéraires poétiques et les engagements anticoloniaux du Sénégalais David Diop, du Camerounais Ruben Um Nyobé et du Guinéen Keita Fodéba introduisent une évolution du genre, autant stylistique que thématique.
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