Repenser l’interculturel dans l’enseignement/apprentissage du FLE Rethinking Interculturality in The Teaching/Learning of French as a Foreign Language
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Abstract
ABSTRACT: Since the existence of school, there are two ways to accede knowledge of languages: the surroundings and school. Acquisition and learning of languages as an instrument for defending cultures require certain knowledge of the culture of its interlocutors. C. Kramsch (1993) explains that learn a foreign language, is not only learn a new manner of communication, but rather a manner of doing a cultural declaration. This supposes that the French has to be treated as a vehicle of culture, and as a language of representation.Because of its multi-definitional aspect, the concept of « culture » is an important as well as a controversial topic of study. We wonder upon the reflexion of good usages of cultures at school. The teaching/learning of a foreign language relies on essential parameters: its content, syntax, lexis and its linguistic aspect. The issue of culture remains a major stake of training of teachers and pupils, mainly in Didactics of languages-cultures. What distinguishes it from didactics of other disciplines is that it makes language a subject of the teaching/learning process including its cultural aspect. The study of culture is essential in teaching languages, whatever is the status of the latter in the sense that it establishes a frame of references outside of it the linguistic production does not make sense; the words of a language refer to meanings inside a given culture by and in a semantic relationship which the learner has to understand.
RÉSUMÉ: Depuis que l’école existe, deux voies d’accès à la connaissance des langues se présentent: le milieu et l’école. L’acquisition et l’apprentissage des langues comme un instrument volontariste de défense des cultures exigent une certaine connaissance de la culture de ses interlocuteurs. C. Kramsch (1993) explique qu’apprendre une langue étrangère, ce n’est pas seulement apprendre une nouvelle manière de communiquer, mais une manière de faire une déclaration culturelle. Cela suppose que le français doit être appréhendé comme un véhicule de culture, et comme une langue de représentation. De par son aspect multi-définitionnel, le concept de « culture » est un objet d’étude aussi essentiel que controversé. On s’interroge alors sur la réflexion à conduire sur le bon usage des cultures à l’école. L’enseignement-apprentissage d’une langue étrangère s’appuie sur des paramètres essentiels : son contenu, sa syntaxe, son lexique et son aspect linguistique. La question de la culture reste un enjeu majeur de la formation des enseignants et des élèves, notamment en didactique des langues -cultures. Ce qui la distingue des autres didactiques c’est qu’elle fait de la langue un objet d’enseignement -apprentissage incluant une dimension culturelle. L’étude de la culture est essentielle au sein de l’enseignement de la langue, quel que soit le statut de cette dernière dans la mesure où elle établit un domaine de références hors duquel la production langagière ne fait pas sens, en ce que, notamment, les mots d’une langue renvoient à des significations à l’intérieur.
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