Le clickbait au service de la manipulation Clickbait at the Service of Manipulation
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Abstract
ABSTRACT: This study is part of the analysis of digital discourse. It proposes to analyze the manipulative discursive strategies at the level of clickbait titles treated in the sphere of social networks and in particular on Facebook. Used to attract Internet users to click on it, clickbait uses language resources for influence. This research work aims to study the main mechanisms of manipulation as well as the discursive strategies manifesting themselves in clickbait titles. Through a corpus consisting of fifty clickbait collected over a year on Facebook, were analyzed, on the one hand, linguistic marks with a persuasive aim, namely perlocutionary speech acts; and on the other hand, performative discursive strategies through what Charaudeau (1995) calls the issues of influence.The analysis offered here highlights discursive strategies employed in clickbait titles to quickly and effectively capture the attention of a large readership to click on them. The results of this study show that clickbait is presented as a form of manipulation and seduction of Internet users. By focusing on the curiosity of the interlocutor, the author of the clickbait uses persuasive language acts aimed at manipulation as well as messages affecting the emotions, intentions and ideologies of Internet users. Manipulation is also done through the use of capture and credibility strategies. The author of the clickbait appeals to dramatization but also to a certain number of subjectivemes serving these strategies of influence.
RÉSUMÉ : Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre de l’analyse du discours numérique. Elle propose d’analyser les stratégies discursives manipulatrices au niveau des titres clickbait traités dans la sphère des réseaux sociaux et notamment sur Facebook. Utilisé pour attirer les internautes afin de cliquer dessus, le clickbait fait appel à des ressources langagières à visée d’influence. Ce travail de recherche vise étudier les principaux mécanismes de manipulation ainsi que les stratégies discursives se manifestant dans les titres clickbait. A travers un corpus se composant de cinquante clickbait collectés durant une année sur Facebook, ont été analysées, d’une part, les marques linguistiques à visée persuasives à savoir les actes de langage perlocutoires ; et d’autre part, les stratégies discursives performatives à travers ce que Charaudeau (1995) appelle les enjeux d’influence. L’analyse proposée ici met en évidence des stratégies discursives employées dans les titres clickbait pour capter rapidement et efficacement l’attention d’un large lectorat pour cliquer dessus. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que le clickbait se présente comme une forme de manipulation et de séduction des internautes. En misant sur la curiosité de l’interlocuteur, l’auteur du clickbait fait recours à des actes langagiers à effet persuasif visant la manipulation ainsi qu’à des messages touchant les émotions, les intentions ainsi que les idéologies des internautes. La manipulation se fait également par le recours aux stratégies de captation et de crédibilité. L’auteur du clickbait fait appel à la dramatisation mais aussi à un certain nombre de subjectivèmes servant ces stratégies d’influence.
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