A Malikis and Hanafis in Algeria during the Ottoman era Research on the Manifestations of Peaceful Coexistence Between the two Doctrines
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Published:
Jan 16, 2024
Keywords:
Ottoman era, Algeria, Maliki doctrine, Hanafi doctrine, coexistence
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Abstract
This study addresses some important aspects of Algeria’s doctrinal movement during the Ottoman era by providing a reading on the manifestations of peaceful coexistence between the two doctrines. As is known, the Maliki doctrine is the doctrine of jurisprudence that has been prevalent in the Middle Maghreb (Algeria) for a long time. With the arrival of the Ottomans in Algeria at the beginning of the 16th century, they brought with them the Hanafi doctrine, which they had previously adopted as their official doctrine, thus becoming the doctrine of official authority in the regency of Algeria, which was adopted by the ruling political and military class, the Kouloughlis class, and the Janissaries. This does not mean, however, that the Maliki doctrine has been marginalized by the Ottomans; on the contrary, Algeria’s indigenous inhabitants have remained Maliki in their daily, jurisprudential, and social dealings. Doctrinal coexistence emerged on more than one level, especially in the field of the judiciary and fatwas, which was characterized by the duality in its form between the Hanafis and the Malikis, as well as in the field of education, which brought together teachers and jurists of the Hanafi and Maliki doctrines in various educational institutions, with a teaching curriculum that included the jurisprudence of the two. In addition, there was a relationship of cooperation and coordination between the two doctrines in many general issues concerning Algerian society.
Article Details
How to Cite
Moussem , A. (2024). A Malikis and Hanafis in Algeria during the Ottoman era Research on the Manifestations of Peaceful Coexistence Between the two Doctrines . Social and Human Science Studies, 13(01), 665-682. https://doi.org/10.46315/1714-013-001-050
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• The Algerian National Archives, S.C.R, Series A23: Volume 25.
• The Algerian National Archives, S.C.R, Series A26-27: Volume 01.
• The Algerian National Archives, S.C.R, Series A38: Volumes 18-19.
• The Algerian National Archives, S.C.R, Series A119-120: Volume 02.
• The Algerian National Archives, S.C.R, Series A06: Volume 05.
• The Algerian National Archives, Bailik Records, Series 34, Record: 329.
• The Algerian National Archives, S.C.R, Series A14-15: Volume 09
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• Al-Djilali, Abd al-Rahman Ben Muhammad. (1965). Tarikh al-Jazair al-Amm, (Vol. 01), Beirut: Publications of Dar Maktabat al-Hayat.
• Al-Dardir, Ahmed and Al-Sawi, Ahmed. (1995). Bilughat al-Salik li Aqrab al-Masalik ala al-Sharh al-Saghir, Edited and Corrected by Mohammed Abdel Salam Shahin, (Vol. 01), Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya.
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• Wolf, John. (2009). Algeria and Europe, translated by Abu al-Qasim Saadallah, Algeria: World of Knowledge for Publishing and Distribution.
• Hamashe, Khalifa. (1988-1989). Al-Alaqat bayn al-Jazair wa al-Bab al-Ali, Master's Thesis in Modern and Contemporary History, Alexandria: Department of History and Archaeology.
• Al-Hamawi, Abu Abdullah Yaqut al-Rumi al-Baghdadi. (No date). Mu'jam al-Buldan, Vol. 04, Location not specified: Dar Sader for Publishing.
• Maajoud, Abdelmajid. (1985). Al-Sira' al-Madhhabi bi Ifriqiya ila Qiyam al-Dawla al-Zayriyya, (Vol. 02), Tunis: Dar Tunisian for Publishing and Distribution.
• Al-Muqri, Shihab al-Din Ahmed bin Mohammed al-Talmasani. (1997). Nafh al-Tayyib min Ghusn al-Andalus al-Ratib wa Dhikr Waziriha Lisan al-Din ibn al-Khatib, Edited by Ihsan Abbas, (Vol. 02), (Edition 01), Beirut: Dar Sader for Publishing and Distribution.
• Marmoul, Mohammed Saleh. (1983). Al-Siyasa al-Dakhiliyya lil-Khilafa al-Fatimiyya fi Bilad al-Maghrib al-Islami, Algeria: Diwan al-Matbu'at al-Jami'iyya.
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• Nemir, Akil. (2001). Hawl Awqaf Madinat al-Jazair fi al-Qarn al-Thamin Ashar. Awqaf Mu'assasat Subul al-Khayrat min Khilal al-Masajid al-Hanafiyya, Majallat Dirasat Insaniyya, Issue 48, University of Algiers: Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. Pages 115-137.
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• Saadallah, Abu al-Qasim. (1986). Sheikh al-Islam Abdul Karim bin al-Fikoon, Beirut: Dar al-Gharb al-Islami.
• Saad, Rustom. (2005). Al-Furq wa al-Madahib al-Islamiyya min al-Badayat: al-Nasha'a, al-Tarikh, al-Aqida, al-Tawzi' al-Jughrafi, (Vol. 03), Damascus: Dar al-Awail lil-Nashr wa al-Tawzi'.
• Saidouni, Nasser al-Din. (1984). Dirasat wa Abhath fi Tarikh al-Jazair. al-Ahd al-Othmani, Algeria: Al-Mu'assassa al-Wataniyya lil-Kitab.
• Saidouni, Nasser al-Din. (1990). Mawazinu Mu'assasat al-Awqaf bi al-Jazair Awaakhir al-Ahd al-Othmani min Khilal Watha'iq al-Arshif al-Jazairi, Al-Majallah al-Tarikhiyya al-Maghribiyya, Issue: 57-58, Tunis: Munsha'at Mu'assasat al-Tamimi lil-Buhuth al-Ilmiyya wa al-Ma'limat.
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• Abdulrahim, Abdelrahman Abdulrahim. (1982). Tarikh al-Arab al-Hadith wa al-Mu'asir, (Vol. 03), Doha: Dar al-Mutanabbi lil-Nashr wa al-Tawzi'.
• Al-Oufi, Kamal. (2012). Al-Madrasa al-Malikiyya al-Qayrawaniyya (Samatiha wa A'lamuha), Research paper presented at the Second National Symposium on the Maliki School of Imam Dar al-Hijra, University of Setif: Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences.
• Fellousi, Messaoud bin Moussa. (2004). Al-Madhhab al-Maliki wa al-Sultat al-Muta'akiba fi al-Jazair, Majallat al-Buhuth al-Ilmiyya wa al-Dirasat al-Islamiyya, Vol. 01, Issue 01, University of Algiers 01, Pages 69-97.
• Al-Farfour, Muhammad Abdul Latif Saleh al-Farfour. (1995). Tarikh al-Fiqh al-Islami, Damascus: Dar al-Kalam al-Tayyib lil-Tiba'a wa al-Nashr.
• Al-Qadi, Ibn 'Ayad. (1997). Tartib al-Madarik wa Taqrib al-Masalik li Ma'rifat A'lam Madhhab Malik, Edited by Muhammad Salim Hashim, Vol. 01, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya.
• Al-Qairawni, Abu 'Arab Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Tameem. (2006). Tabaqat wa 'Ulama' Ifriqiya wa Tunis, Introduction and Editing by Muhammad bin Abi Shanab, Vol. 01, Algeria: Diwan al-Matbou'at al-Jami'iya.
• Al-Qarafi, Shihab al-Din. (1995). Al-Ihkam fi Tamyiz al-Fatawa 'an al-Ahkam wa Tasharrufat al-Qadi wa al-Imam, Edited by Abdul Fattah Abu Ghudda, Vol. 02, Beirut: Dar al-Bashair al-Islamiyya lil-Tiba'a wa al-Nashr wa al-Tawzi'.
• Shofalleh, Corinne. (2007). Al-Thalathun Sana al-Awla li Qiyam Madinat al-Jaza'ir 1510-1541, Translation by Jamal Hamadna, Algeria: Diwan al-Matbou'at al-Jami'iya.
• Shalabi, Ahmed. (1981). Tarikh al-Tashri' al-Islami wa Tarikh al-Nizam al-Qada'i fi al-Islam, Vol. 02, Cairo: Maktabat al-Nahda al-Misriyya lil-Nashr.
• Timur Pasha, Ahmed. (1990). Nazaratu Tarikhiya fi Huduth al-Madahib al-Fiqhiyya al-Arba'a (al-Hanafi, al-Maliki, al-Shafi'i, al-Hanbali) wa Intishariha 'ind Jumhur al-Muslimin, Vol. 01, Beirut: Dar al-Qadiri lil-Nashr wa al-Tawzi'.
• Al-Tamimi, Abdul Jalil. (2002). Watha'iq 'an al-Amwal al-Muhabsa Basma al-Jami' al-Azam bi Madinat al-Jaza'ir, Al-Majallah al-Tarikhiya al-Maghribiya, Issue 108, Tunisia: Mu'assasat al-Tamimi lil-Buhuth al-Ilmiyya wa al-Ma'limat.
• Khawja, Hamdan bin 'Uthman. (2005). Al-Mar'a, Introduction and Translation by Muhammad al-Arabi al-Zubairi, Place not specified: Al-Mu'assassa al-Wataniyya lil-Funun al-Matbou'ya.
• Albert, Devoulx. (1866). Les édifices religieux de L’ancienne régence d’Alger, Revue Africains, N° 10, Conservateur des Archives arabes du Service de L’enregistrement et des domaines à Alger.
• Ben Hamouche, Mustapha. (1999). hanafismes. malikismes et gestion urbain cas d’Alger à L’époque ottomane, Revue d’histoire maghrébine , N° 93.94, Tunis : Fondation Temimi pour la Recherche Scientifique et l’Information.
• De Paradis, Venture. (1983). Tunis et Alger au XVILLE siècle. Paris : Sindbad.
• Haedo F. de Diego. (1870- 1871). Topographie et Histoire général d’Alger, Revue Africains, N° 14, Tard : Monnereau et A- berbrugger.
• Shuval, Tal. (1998). La ville d’Alger vers la fin du 18 siècle. Paris : CNRS.
• Tachrifat. (1852). recueil de notes sur L’administration de L’ancienne régence d’Alger, Alger : Im du gouvernement.