Meteorological drought and environmental vulnerability in Béchar (Algeria)

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Miloud Oubadi

Abstract

Climate change poses a growing threat to Algeria, particularly in its arid regions, where it intensifies the frequency and severity of extreme weather events such as drought. This study aims to analyze the variability of meteorological drought in the Béchar region (southwest Algeria) over the period 1989–2020, with a focus on its environmental impacts. The analysis is based on a long-term climate series and the application of five drought indicators: the rainfall index, the deviation index, the standard deviation method, frequency analysis, and the standardized precipitation index (SPI). The Mann-Kendall statistical test was used to detect significant trends and identify the break year in the rainfall series. The results show a marked downward trend in rainfall starting in 2004, with a water deficit of approximately 85%. Despite some interannual variability, dry years are becoming increasingly frequent and prolonged, while wet periods remain brief and discontinuous. This situation exacerbates local environmental constraints: soil salinization, desertification, loss of vegetation cover, and sand encroachment, with repercussions for irrigated agriculture, which is essential for local populations. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted adaptation strategies and sustainable water resource management in vulnerable Saharan areas.

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How to Cite
Oubadi , M. (2026). Meteorological drought and environmental vulnerability in Béchar (Algeria). Social and Human Science Studies, 15(02), 503 - 518. https://doi.org/10.46315/1714-015-002-030
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