Proverbes espagnols : un figement immuable ? Spanish Proverbs: An Immutable Frozenness?
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Abstract
ABSTRACT: Popular wisdom asserts that you can't teach an old dog new tricks. But is this proverbial lesson applicable to its own material? The proverb is generally defined as a frozen linguistic object, in terms of both form and meaning. The frozenness is therefore a formal and semantic framework that is supposedly immutable. In practice, however, this theoretical framework is very often altered, whether intentionally or not, when it collides with other, more extensive frameworks into which it naturally fits (collections of proverbs, the immediate linguistic environment, the spatio-temporal and social context of compilers or speakers). The aim of this work is to present a taxonomy of all possible types of alteration of the Spanish-speaking proverbial framework, diachronically and synchronically, as well as in language and discourse, placing the notion of intentionality and the signifier-signified pair at the heart of the analysis. Our approach is thus at once linguistic and pragmatic, and is based on a variety of corpuses.
RÉSUMÉ : On dit que ce n’est pas à un vieux singe qu’on apprend à faire des grimaces. Mais cette leçon proverbiale est-elle applicable à sa propre matière ? On définit en effet généralement le proverbe comme un objet linguistique figé, tant au niveau de sa forme que de son sens. Ce figement est donc un cadre formel et sémantique prétendument immuable. Or, il s’avère que dans la pratique, ce cadre théorique est très souvent malmené, intentionnellement ou non, lorsqu’il rentre en collision avec d’autres cadres à l’extension plus importante dans lesquels il s’insère naturellement (recueils de proverbes, environnement linguistique immédiat, contexte spatio-temporel et social des compilateurs ou locuteurs). Ce travail tâche ainsi de présenter une taxinomie de tous les types possibles d’altérations du cadre proverbial hispanophone, en diachronie et en synchronie, mais aussi en langue et en discours, en plaçant la notion d’intentionnalité et le couple signifiant-signifié au cœur de l’analyse. L’approche envisagée est donc à la fois linguistique et pragmatique et s’appuie sur des corpus variés.
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