Aproximación terminológica e histórica sobre la Conquista versus Reconquista Terminological and Historical Approach to the Conquest versus Reconquista
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Abstract
ABSTRACT: Muslim civilization built a state on the Iberian Peninsula, known as Al-Andalus, which persisted for eight centuries from the 8th century, in relation to and in contact with the Christian kingdoms gradually emerging in the northern part of the peninsula. Examining the history of Spain in the mediaeval era involves revisiting the history of Al-Andalus and the nascent Christian kingdoms with contrasting historiographies. Here, we focus on the use of concepts related to the Middle Ages, which have sparked controversies today, necessitating a revision. Among the numerous terms, we specifically concentrate on the concepts of Conquest and Reconquest. The objective of our research is to define and historically situate these concepts (Conquest/Reconquest) used in various political contexts, which seem to respond to specific circumstances and ideologies that vary from one historian to another. If the term Reconquista is currently a subject of controversy in the world of historiography, so is the term Conquest, as they are interconnected by historical events. The Reconquista is tied to the emergence of the Spanish nation and the crafting of a renewed history of Spain. On the other hand, the Muslim conquest is the foundation that led to the creation of a Muslim state in Christian Western Europe during the mediaeval period, leaving lasting imprints on various aspects of life for centuries. The realisation and approval of this investigation have required a historical, analytical, and comparative method.
RESUMEN: La civilización musulmana construyo un estado en la Península Ibérica, denominado al Ándalus, que desde el siglo VIII se mantuvo durante ocho siglos en relación y contacto con los reinos cristianos que, poco a poco, se fueron construyendo en el Norte peninsular. Tratar la historia de España en la época medieval es en consecuencia volver sobre la historia de al Ándalus y los nacientes reinos cristianos, cuyas historiografías en contraste. Aquí nos referimos al uso de conceptos sobre la Edad Media, que hoy día han suscitado polémicas por la necesidad de revisarlos. Entre tantos términos nos focalizamos sobre los conceptos, Conquista y Reconquista. Pues, el objetivo de nuestra investigación es definir y situar históricamente los conceptos (Conquista/Reconquista), empleados en diversos contextos políticos, que parecen obedecer a ciertas circunstancias, e ideologías que difieren de un historiador a otro. Si el término Reconquista es actualmente objeto de polémica en el mundo de la historiografía, lo es también el de Conquista, por ser relacionados por los hechos. La Reconquista está ligada al surgimiento de la nación española, y a la confección de una renovada historia de España, la conquista musulmana por su parte es el gremio que dio lugar a la creación de un estado musulmán en el Occidente cristiano en la época medieval, durante siglos dejando huellas en diversos aspectos de la vida. La realización y aprobación de dicha indagación ha exigido un método histórico, analítico y comparativo.
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