Panorama des réflexions théoriques et méthodologiques en analyse du discours Overview of Theoretical and Methodological Reflections in Discourse Analysis
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Abstract
ABSTRACT: Being interested in discourse as a polysemic concept also means questioning the diversity of approaches and methods of analysis, however diverse they may be, which allow us to apprehend linguistic corpora by calling upon linguistic and extralinguistic theories, making discourse a major field of study whose perspectives remain always open and limitless. Analyzing a corpus, taken in its pragmatic dimensions, often means summoning up the various analyses of textual data which tend above all to bring out the information that structures and shapes a text, while also resorting to methodological undertakings, which change according to the type of text, the information to be extracted, and above all understanding its architecture. The effectiveness of an analysis of a text is intrinsically based on a theoretical and methodological foundation, hence the need to retrace the two main lines that separate two methods of discourse analysis, namely the analysis of discourse and its various fields of operation and the analysis of content as a potential, which can provide results and a general understanding of a corpus
RÉSUMÉ : S’intéresser au discours, en tant que concept polysémique, c’est aussi interroger la diversité des approches et méthodes d’analyse, aussi diversifiées soient-elles qui permettent d’appréhender des corpus linguistiques en faisant appel aux théories linguistiques et extralinguistiques rendant le discours un grand chantier dont les perspectives restent toujours ouvertes et sans limites. Analyser un corpus, pris dans ses dimensions pragmatiques, c’est souvent convoquer les différentes analyses de données textuelles qui tendent avant tout à faire sortir l’information qui structure et façonne un texte, en ayant aussi recours à des entreprises méthodologiques, qui changent en fonction de type de texte, les informations à extraire, et surtout comprendre son architecture. L’efficacité d’une analyse d’un texte repose intrinsèquement sur un soubassement théorique et méthodologique, d’où la nécessité de retracer les deux grandes lignes qui séparent deux méthodes d’analyse du discours, à savoir l’analyse de discours et ses différents champs opératoires et l’analyse de contenu comme un potentiel, susceptible de fournir des résultats et une compréhension générale d’un corpus.
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