Improving Academic Writing CAF through e-Portfolios The Case of EFL Students at Batna 2 University
Main Article Content
Abstract
Educational technology created numerous assessment tools to assist both teachers and learners in improving learning outcomes. One of the tools that gained attention is the electronic portfolio (e-portfolio) which is exclusively used for pre-service teachers. However, the present study investigates using e-portfolios to improve students’ academic writing; namely, lexical complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF). The study featured 60 EFL students at Batna 2 University who were equally divided into an experimental group and a control group, following three phases that lasted a semester: pre-test, treatment, and delayed post-test. During the three phases, students produced essays that were thematically categorized and course-related, producing total of 420 essays which were collected and analyzed using a reliable rubric. Results showed that e-portfolios explicitly affect and enhance writing CAF, yet they were inconclusive regarding the long-term effect. Pedagogical implications of implementing e-portfolios in EFL educational settings and recommendations for further investigation are discussed.
Article Details
Copyright Notice
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
This allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal[cite: 2, 11].
The journal allows authors to deposit the Version of Record (published version) in an institutional or other repository of their choice without any embargo period.
References
Aghazadeh, Z., & Soleimani, M. (2020). The effect of e-portfolio on EFL learners’ writing accuracy, fluency, and complexity. The Reading Matrix: An International Online Journal, 20 (2), 182-199. http://www.readingmatrix.com
Al-Hawamdeh, B. O. S., Hussen, N., & Abdelrasheed, N. S. G. (2023). Portfolio vs. summative assessment: impacts on EFL learners’ writing complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF); self-efficacy; learning anxiety; and autonomy. Language Testing in Asia, 13 (1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-023-00225-5
Ellis, R. (1994). A theory of instructed second language acquisition. Implicit and explicit learning of languages, 726.
Housen, A., & Kuiken, F. (2009). Complexity, accuracy, and fluency in second language acquisition. Applied Linguistics, 30 (4), 461–473. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amp048
Housen, A., Kuiken, F., & Vedder, I. (2012). Complexity, accuracy and fluency. Language Learning and Language Teaching, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.32.01hou
Housen, A. (2021). Complexity, Accuracy and Fluency (CAF). Springer Texts in Education, 7 (1) ,87–792. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79143-8_136
Kellogg, R. T. (2008). Training writing skills: A cognitive developmental perspective. Journal of Writing Research, 1 (1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2008.01.01.1
Kuiken, F., Mos, M., & Vedder, I. (2005). Cognitive task complexity and second language writing performance. EUROSLA Yearbook, 5 (5), 195–222. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1075/eurosla.5.10kui
Kuiken, F., & Vedder, I. (2011). Chapter 4. Task complexity and linguistic performance in L2 writing and speaking. Task-Based Language Teaching, 91–104. https://doi.org/10.1075/tblt.2.09ch4
Larsen-Freeman, D. (2009). Adjusting Expectations: The Study of Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency in Second Language Acquisition. Applied Linguistics, 30(4), 579–589. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amp043
Phuoc, V. D., & Barrot, J. S. (2022). Complexity, accuracy, and fluency in L2 writing across proficiency levels: A matter of L1 background? Assessing Writing, 54, 100673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2022.100673
Polio, C. G. (1997). Measures of Linguistic Accuracy in Second Language Writing Research. Language Learning, 47(1), 101–143. https://doi.org/10.1111/0023-8333.31997003
Skehan, P. (2009). Modelling second language performance: integrating complexity, accuracy, fluency, and lexis. Applied Linguistics, 30 (4), 510–532. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amp047
Skehan, P., & Foster, P. (2012). Complexity, accuracy, fluency and lexis in task-based performance. Language Learning & Language Teaching, 199–220. https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.32.09fos
Vercellotti, M. L. (2017). The development of complexity, accuracy, and fluency in second language performance: A longitudinal study. Applied linguistics, 38 (1), 90-111. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amv002