Monitoring and Observing Fire Maps Using Remote Sensing A Case Study of the Sanitary Landfill in Tikrit City
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The study aims to monitor and observe fire maps resulting from human activities, specifically waste burning at the sanitary landfill site in Tikrit City within the Shishin neighborhood, for the period from 1 November 2025 to 1 December 2025. The study relied on FIRMS data for detecting thermal hotspots using the VIIRS satellite sensor with a spatial resolution of 375 meters. Air pollution was also monitored through gases such as CO₂, SO₂, NO₂, and HCHO within the study area for the same time period.
The findings indicate that the satellite images recorded noticeable pollution at the burning site, which consequently affected the surrounding area. Smoke plumes extended toward nearby residential neighborhoods due to wind movements. The landfill site represents an environmental weak point prone to recurring incidents if left untreated. The study proposes adopting a continuous monitoring system using remote sensing, enhancing waste-management procedures, and establishing an early-warning protocol to deal with any abnormal thermal activity within the landfill site.
Article Details
Copyright Notice
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
This allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal[cite: 2, 11].
The journal allows authors to deposit the Version of Record (published version) in an institutional or other repository of their choice without any embargo period.
References
سها وليد مصطفى. (2020). الأثر البيئي لتلوث هواء مدينة البصرة بغاز أحادي أوكسيد الكربون (CO). مجلة الخليج العربي، (3)، 161–180. تم الاسترجاع من الرابط https://iasj.rdd.edu.iq/journals/uploads/2024/12/18/ec6b30125576a854ef37d56530433c63.pdf
فريق التحرير، القسم العلمي في الجزيرة نت. (2018). أضرار غاز ثاني أكسيد النيتروجين. تم الاسترجاع من الرابط https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2018
منظمة الصحة العالمية — مكتب شرق المتوسط. (2016). الآثار الصحية لحرائق النفط والكبريت. تم الاسترجاع من الرابط https://www.emro.who.int/images/stories/eha/health_advice_oil_and_sulphur_fires_ar.pdf
Akagi, S. K., Yokelson, R. J., Wiedinmyer, C., Alvarado, M. J., Reid, J. S., Karl, T., & Wennberg, P. O. (2011). Emission factors for open and domestic biomass burning for use in atmospheric models. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11(9), 4039–4072.
Andreae, M. O., & Merlet, P. (2001). Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 15(4), 955–966.
Giglio, L., Schroeder, W., & Justice, C. O. (2016). The Collection 6 MODIS Active Fire Detection Algorithm and Fire Products. Remote Sensing of Environment, 178, 31–41.
Ibrahim, S. T., Sheet, H. H., & Muhammed, F. H. (2025). Modeling Vegetation Cover Maps Affecting Land Surface Temperature in Erbil City Using Remote Sensing. Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 25(4), 101–116.
Smith, S. J., van Aardenne, J., Klimont, Z., Andres, R. J., Volke, A., & Delgado Arias, S. (2011). Anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions: 1850–2005. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11(3), 1101–1116.
Utuh, I. A., & Ugwoha, E. (2021). Effects of Formaldehyde Exposure on Human Body – A Review Article. Asian Journal of Medicine and Health, 19(12), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2021/v19i1230425
Ward, D. E., & Hardy, C. C. (1991). Smoke emissions from wildland fires. Environment International, 17(2–3), 117–134.