The deep state and political transformations in the Arab regimes

Abstract

In the last decade, the Arab societies have witnessed major political and social transformations, especially with regard to the relationship between these peoples and the regimes that govern them. These transformations led to many revolutions that began in 2011 in Tunisia, Egypt and Syria, and affected many countries, including Algeria and, recently, Sudan. These revolutions sought to change the ruling systems and restructure, politically and economically, what is common to all Arab models, regardless of their differences, is the inability of these revolutions to change the political systems, although they were able, at times, to overthrow individuals and political parties representing the ruling authority. This is what can be considered a failure in the democratic transition and a deficit in building the modern State, which leads us to query the reasons for the relapse of the Revolution in the Arab countries, despite the different experiences from one society to another. All of this leads us, logically and legitimately, to raise the idea of ​​the existence of a clandestine resistance - called the ‘deep state’ - that blocks the political change and the democratic transformation.