Philosophie de l’hétérogénéité : échoïsation des langues dans la création littéraire

Abstract

 Philosophy of Heterogeneity: Echoisation of languages ​​in literary creation

 This article aims to analyse, from a poetic and philosophical perspective, heterolingual practices, or even the intersection of several semiological systems in the same text. In her book entitled "Heidegger Questions, Stimmung, translation, poetry" (2010), Éliane Escoubas shows that in 1935, the German philosopher Martin Heidegger began a study on the poetic work of Hölderlin which led him to conceive the act of translation from a broad perspective, not only the internal movement of thought but also that of the development and creation of languages ​​and texts. A new path is then inaugurated in the history of thought as translation. This is highlighted to show the originality of the work of “translating” by designing language, shaping speech, and forming the body of languages ​​or even writing itself. To better understand this phenomenon, we rely on some reflections and practices that relate to the Maghrebi cultural field. From this perspective, it quickly becomes apparent that the translation paradigm should necessarily figure at the heart of any somewhat coherent critical reflection on the “Text”. In the context of literary creation, the act of translation does not concern questions linked to the comparison between the original and its translation(s). On the other hand, it will be a question of accounting for the writing when it is a translation, not having an original work of reference. This is, obviously, an approach that attempts to radically break with a certain tradition of Algerian criticism which often persists in considering the issues of poetic activity in the Maghrebi literary fields from an essentially (socio)linguistic angle. To reduce a text to its geographical or socio-cultural origin is to refuse to consider the deep complexity of linguistic processes and their historical development, but above all, it is to constantly force the writer into a monolingualism which now seems a conception that denies the interaction of different semiological systems within the same language.